Nokea
Which ONE of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki's disease?
- A. fever for 5 days
- B. bilateral non purulent conjunctivitis
- C. generalised lymphadenopathy
- D. polymorphous rash
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kawasaki fever, eyes, rash, hands fit; lymph's one node, not general. Nurses count this chronic five, not six.
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The signs and symptoms of heart failure include:
- A. Polyphagia and polydipsia.
- B. Orthopnoea and gastrointestinal disruption.
- C. Urinary frequency and acute pulmonary oedema.
- D. Dyspnoea and peripheral oedema.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure (HF) manifests through circulatory and fluid overload effects. Polyphagia and polydipsia align with diabetes, not HF. Orthopnoea (breathlessness lying flat) is HF-specific, but gastrointestinal disruption (e.g., nausea) is secondary, less hallmark. Urinary frequency occurs nocturnally in HF (nocturia), but acute pulmonary edema is an acute crisis, not a chronic sign. Dyspnoea (shortness of breath) from pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema (swelling) from venous backup are classic, per Farrell (2017) reflecting left and right HF respectively. These stem from reduced cardiac output and fluid retention (e.g., elevated jugular venous pressure), driving clinical presentation. Dyspnoea limits activity, edema signals systemic impact, making them definitive over less specific or acute-only symptoms.
You are caring for a patient with esophageal cancer. Which task could be delegated to the nursing assistant?
- A. Assist the patient with oral hygiene
- B. Observe the patient's response to feedings
- C. Facilitate expression of grief or anxiety
- D. Initiate daily weights
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delegating tasks in nursing hinges on scope of practice. Assisting with oral hygiene is a basic care activity nursing assistants are trained to perform, supporting hygiene needs in esophageal cancer patients who may struggle with swallowing. Observing responses to feedings requires clinical judgment to assess tolerance or complications, a nurse's responsibility. Facilitating emotional expression involves therapeutic communication skills beyond an assistant's training, critical for addressing cancer-related distress. Initiating daily weights implies deciding when to start, requiring understanding of fluid status assistants can weigh patients but not initiate the process independently. Oral hygiene delegation optimizes care efficiency, aligns with assistants' capabilities, and frees nurses for higher-level assessments, ensuring safe, effective management of this patient's complex needs.
Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in which of the following trajectory phases?
- A. Pretrajectory
- B. Onset
- C. Comeback
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comeback phase kicks plans alive sustaining chronic care's path, not preventing, starting, or adapting decline. Nurses steer this, a rebound's drive.
An oncology nurse is caring for a patient who has developed erythema following radiation therapy. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
- A. Periodically apply ice to the area
- B. Keep the area cleanly shaven
- C. Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area
- D. Avoid using soap on the treatment area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiation erythema red, raw skin needs gentle care to dodge worsening. Soap dries and irritates, stripping fragile skin and upping infection risk, so skipping it's key. Ice or heat can burn or blister radiated tissue, already thin and sensitive. Shaving scrapes it raw; petroleum jelly traps moisture, breeding bacteria. Nurses teach this to protect the site, pushing mild cleansers (if needed) and air exposure, standard in oncology to heal radiation burns without sparking new problems.
What is the conventional definition of Microalbuminuria?
- A. Albumin excretion between 60 and 600 mg/24 hours
- B. Albumin excretion between 50 and 500 mg/24 hours
- C. Albumin excretion between 40 and 400 mg/24 hours
- D. Albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microalbuminuria flags early kidney damage 30 to 300 mg/24 hours of albumin marks it, a standard tying subtle leaks to diabetes or hypertension's renal hit. Wider ranges 60-600, 50-500, 40-400 overreach into overt proteinuria; 20-200 dips too low, missing the threshold. This 30-300 zone signals preclinical harm, urging ACE inhibitors or tighter glucose/BP control, a chronic disease marker clinicians lean on to stall progression, precise yet practical.