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Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the age at onset of a mental illness such as schizophrenia?
- A. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a poorer outcome.
- B. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a better outcome.
- C. Age at diagnosis is not related to outcomes.
- D. Younger clients have more experiences that will help them.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Younger onset of schizophrenia correlates with poorer outcomes, like worse negative symptoms and coping, due to less life experience and identity development (A). B contradicts evidence, C ignores the link, and D overstates youthful experience benefits.
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A nurse leads a psychoeducational group for patients experiencing depression. The nurse plans to implement an exercise regime for each patient. The rationale to use when presenting this plan to the treatment team is that exercise
- A. has an antidepressant effect comparable to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
- B. prevents damage from overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
- C. detoxifies the body by removing metabolic wastes and other toxins.
- D. improves mood stability for patients with bipolar disorders.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: β-Endorphins produced during exercise result in improvement in mood and lowered anxiety. The other options are not accurate.
Which of the following is experienced by the patient who is under general anesthesia?
- A. The patient is unconscious.
- B. The patient is awake.
- C. The patient experiences slight pain.
- D. The patient experiences loss of sensation in the lower half of the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: General anesthesia induces unconsciousness (Option A), blocking awareness and pain perception throughout the body. Being awake (B) or feeling slight pain (C) contradicts its purpose, and lower-body sensation loss (D) is specific to regional anesthesia.
Defense mechanisms are methods used for reducing anxiety. Defense mechanisms unconsciously assist a person in handling stressful events in an effective manner. People have a group of defense mechanisms learned from childhood. The following are defense mechanisms (Select one that does not apply):
- A. Compensation.
- B. Rationalization.
- C. Depression.
- D. Regression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Defense mechanisms are used by all people and are not necessarily a sign of psychiatric disorder unless they are used excessively. The main purpose of defense mechanisms is to decrease anxiety.
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. The patient states, 'I don't need to eat. I feel fine.' What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Encourage the patient to eat small, frequent meals to restore nutrition.
- B. Provide the patient with a structured meal plan and monitor their eating behaviors.
- C. Allow the patient to make their own decisions about food intake.
- D. Reassure the patient that their feelings of hunger will return once they begin eating.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A structured meal plan and monitoring the patient's eating behaviors ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition, even when they may be resistant to eating.
To provide culturally competent care,the nurse should:
- A. accurately interpret the thinking of individual patients.
- B. predict how a patient may perceive treatment interventions.
- C. formulate interventions to reduce the patients ethnocentrism.
- D. identify strategies that fit within the cultural context of the patient.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cultural competence requires ongoing effort. Culture is dynamic, diversified, and changing. The nurse must be prepared to gain cultural knowledge and determine nursing care measures that patients find acceptable and helpful. Interpreting the thinking of individual patients does not ensure culturally competent care. Reducing a patients ethnocentrism may not be a desired outcome.