Nokea
Which option demonstrates complementary base pairing in DNA?
- A. A and G
- B. A and C
- C. A and A
- D. A and T
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). This is known as complementary base pairing. Adenine always pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, forming a strong bond essential for DNA structure and replication. Therefore, the correct option that demonstrates complementary base pairing in DNA is A and T (D). This pairing is crucial during DNA replication and ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information.
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Which method of glucose conversion generates the most usable and efficient form of ATP within the human body?
- A. Aerobic respiration
- B. Anaerobic respiration
- C. Lactic acidosis
- D. Fermentation conversion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aerobic respiration generates the most ATP (around 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule). It uses oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria, making it the most efficient way for the body to produce energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration and fermentation produce significantly less ATP and are less efficient processes. Lactic acidosis is a medical condition involving the buildup of lactic acid in the body and is not a method of glucose conversion for energy production.
Among all the molecules that are significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important?
- A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
- B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
- C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
- D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids. These four types of molecules are essential for various biological processes. Carbohydrates provide energy, lipids are important for energy storage and cell membrane structure, proteins are involved in nearly all cell functions, and nucleic acids carry genetic information. While the other choices contain important components, nucleic acids play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information, making them indispensable in biology.
Do all bacteria have negative effects and cause infections?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Sometimes
- D. Not sure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Not all bacteria have negative effects and cause infections. While some bacteria can lead to infections, many bacteria are beneficial and essential for various processes in nature and our bodies. Bacteria have diverse roles in ecosystems, including positive impacts like aiding digestion and nutrient recycling. Understanding the balance of beneficial and harmful bacteria is crucial for appreciating their significance in our lives.
Which set is correctly listed from largest to smallest group?
- A. Genus, order, species, phylum.
- B. Phylum, order, genus, species.
- C. Order, phylum, species, genus.
- D. Species, order, phylum, genus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Select the two bases that are purines:
- A. A
- B. C
- C. T
- D. N
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G), which are the larger nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. Adenine (A) is one of the purine bases, whereas cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are pyrimidines. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Option D, 'N,' is not a purine base.