Nokea
Which organ in the body is responsible for maintaining electrolyte balance and filtering waste from the blood?
- A. Liver
- B. Kidneys
- C. Heart
- D. Lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste from the blood and maintaining electrolyte balance. They help regulate the body's fluid levels and produce urine as a means of waste elimination. The liver primarily plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, not in maintaining electrolyte balance or filtering waste from the blood. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not for electrolyte balance or waste filtration. The lungs are primarily involved in gas exchange, not in maintaining electrolyte balance or filtering waste from the blood.
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Which of the following is a property of amphiprotic substances?
- A. React with acids only
- B. React with bases only
- C. Can act as both acids and bases
- D. Are inert in chemical reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Can act as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic substances have the ability to donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base) depending on the reaction conditions. This dual nature allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making them versatile and important in various chemical processes. Choices A and B are incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not limited to reacting with only acids or bases; they can interact with both. Choice D is incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not inert; they actively participate in chemical reactions by donating or accepting protons.
Epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces, is further classified based on the number of cell layers. Simple epithelium has:
- A. No layers
- B. One layer
- C. Two to several layers
- D. Many tightly packed layers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells. This type of epithelium is found in areas where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur, as it allows for efficient exchange of substances across the epithelial barrier. Simple epithelium is well-suited for diffusion and filtration processes due to its thin nature, enabling substances to pass through easily. Choice A, 'No layers,' is incorrect as epithelial tissue always consists of at least one cell layer. Choice C, 'Two to several layers,' describes stratified epithelium, not simple epithelium, which has only one layer. Choice D, 'Many tightly packed layers,' is more characteristic of stratified epithelium, where multiple layers of cells are present. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 'One layer.'
What is the acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface?
- A. 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²)
- B. 6.3 meters per second squared (m/s²)
- C. 5.0 meters per second squared (m/s²)
- D. 12.5 meters per second squared (m/s²)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s². This value is commonly used in physics calculations and represents the rate at which an object accelerates towards the Earth when in free fall. The acceleration due to gravity is a constant value near the Earth's surface and affects the motion of all objects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the standard value of 9.8 m/s². Understanding the correct value of acceleration due to gravity is fundamental in physics as it helps in solving various problems related to motion, forces, and energy.
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?
- A. They can be unicellular or multicellular
- B. They are all parasitic and cause disease in humans
- C. They play a vital role in decomposition and nutrient cycling
- D. Some are used in food production, like mushrooms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) This statement is true. Fungi can exist in both unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds and mushrooms) forms.
B) This statement is false. While some fungi can be parasitic and cause diseases in humans, not all fungi exhibit this behavior. Many fungi are beneficial and play essential roles in ecosystems.
C) This statement is true. Fungi are crucial for decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. They break down organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the environment.
D) This statement is true. Some fungi, like mushrooms, are used in food production and are consumed by humans.
The fossil record shows that dinosaurs with feathers existed millions of years before birds. This is evidence for
- A. Convergent evolution (unrelated organisms evolving similar traits)
- B. Divergent evolution (related organisms evolving different traits)
- C. Coevolution (two species influencing each other's evolution)
- D. The extinction of dinosaurs due to an asteroid impact
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fossil record indicates that dinosaurs had feathers before birds, suggesting convergent evolution. Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environmental pressures. In this case, both dinosaurs and birds developed feathers for flight or insulation purposes, even though they are not closely related. This evidence supports the concept of convergent evolution rather than divergent evolution, coevolution, or the extinction of dinosaurs due to an asteroid impact. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it best explains the scenario where dinosaurs with feathers existed before birds, showcasing the concept of unrelated organisms evolving similar traits independently.