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Which organ in the human body is the largest and is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients?
- A. Heart
- B. Liver
- C. Lungs
- D. Skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, storage of nutrients, and various other essential functions. It plays a critical role in maintaining overall health by processing nutrients, filtering blood, and detoxifying harmful substances. While the skin is the largest organ by surface area, the liver is the largest internal organ and is crucial for various physiological processes. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, the lungs for respiration, and the skin for protection and temperature regulation, but they do not perform the functions specified in the question.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?
- A. Live attenuated vaccine
- B. Toxoid vaccine
- C. Conjugate vaccine
- D. Antibiotic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Live attenuated vaccine: This type of vaccine contains a weakened form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. When administered, it stimulates an immune response without causing the disease itself.
B) Toxoid vaccine: Toxoid vaccines are made from toxins produced by bacteria that have been inactivated. They stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the toxin, providing immunity against the disease.
C) Conjugate vaccine: Conjugate vaccines are made by combining a weak antigen with a strong antigen to enhance the immune response. They are commonly used to protect against bacterial infections.
D) Antibiotic: Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. They are not a type of vaccine but rather a class of antimicrobial drugs.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) Antibiotic, as it is not a type of vaccine.
What is the process by which a large, unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons and energy?
- A. Alpha decay
- B. Beta decay
- C. Gamma decay
- D. Nuclear fission
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nuclear fission is the correct answer. It is the process in which a large, unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons and energy. Alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay involve the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, respectively. These decay processes do not result in the splitting of a nucleus like nuclear fission does.
What unit is used for measuring luminous flux, which indicates the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye?
- A. Candela
- B. Lumen
- C. Lux
- D. Hertz
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lumen is the correct unit for measuring luminous flux, which quantifies the total visible light emitted by a source per unit of time. Candela measures luminous intensity, lux measures illuminance, and Hertz measures frequency. Therefore, in the context of measuring the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, luminous flux is quantified in lumens.
What are enzymes?
- A. Building blocks of muscle
- B. Biological catalysts
- C. Energy source
- D. Antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts, not building blocks of muscle. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are not an energy source or antibodies. They play a crucial role in various biological processes by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction.
Identify the INCORRECT function of the liver.
- A. Bile production to aid digestion.
- B. Synthesis of blood proteins, such as albumin.
- C. Storage of glucose for energy regulation.
- D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood.
C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed.
D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.