Nokea
Which organ is responsible for the extensive metabolism of acetaminophen?
- A. Liver
- B. Kidneys
- C. Lungs
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Liver. The liver is responsible for the extensive metabolism of acetaminophen through various pathways, including glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation. It converts acetaminophen into less toxic metabolites for elimination. The kidneys (B) primarily filter blood and regulate fluid balance; the lungs (C) are involved in gas exchange; and the pancreas (D) produces digestive enzymes and insulin, not involved in acetaminophen metabolism. Therefore, the liver is the correct choice for this question.
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What is the most effective action when caring for a client who is at risk of developing pressure ulcers?
- A. Turn the client every two hours
- B. Increase the client's protein intake
- C. Encourage the client to rest
- D. Apply dressings to the wounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Turn the client every two hours. This action helps prevent pressure ulcers by relieving pressure on specific areas of the body. Turning the client redistributes pressure, promotes circulation, and reduces the risk of tissue damage. It is a crucial part of pressure ulcer prevention in immobile or bedridden patients. Increasing protein intake (B) may aid in wound healing but does not directly prevent pressure ulcers. Encouraging rest (C) may not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Applying dressings to wounds (D) is a treatment for existing ulcers, not prevention.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters.
- B. I can wear tight shoes to avoid blisters.
- C. I should avoid walking barefoot to prevent injuries.
- D. I should keep my blood glucose levels within the target range.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I can wear tight shoes to avoid blisters." Tight shoes can increase pressure on the feet, leading to blisters and worsening neuropathy symptoms. A: Inspecting feet daily is important to catch any issues early. C: Walking barefoot can increase the risk of injuries. D: Maintaining blood glucose levels within target range is crucial for managing diabetic neuropathy. In summary, the incorrect choices either provide important preventive measures or focus on key aspects of diabetes management, while the correct choice suggests a harmful behavior that can exacerbate neuropathy symptoms.
What is the most important intervention for a client with acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. Administer aspirin
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Administer morphine
- D. Administer nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer aspirin. Aspirin is crucial for a client with acute MI as it helps prevent further blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing chances of additional cardiac events. Oxygen (B) is not routinely recommended unless hypoxemia is present. Morphine (C) can mask symptoms and delay treatment. Nitroglycerin (D) is used to relieve chest pain but may not be the most important intervention in acute MI. Administering aspirin promptly is vital to improve outcomes and reduce mortality in acute MI cases.
What should the nurse do first when a client with a history of hypertension presents with severe headache?
- A. Administer pain relief
- B. Monitor vital signs
- C. Monitor ECG
- D. Administer insulin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer pain relief. The nurse should address the client's immediate symptom of severe headache to provide comfort and assess the severity of the condition. Pain relief can help decrease anxiety and prevent complications. Monitoring vital signs (B) is important but treating the symptom should take priority. Monitoring ECG (C) is not necessary for a headache presentation. Administering insulin (D) is not indicated for a client presenting with a severe headache.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing triggers. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize to avoid asthma attacks?
- A. Using over-the-counter medications to control symptoms.
- B. Avoiding environmental allergens and smoking.
- C. Increasing physical activity to strengthen the lungs.
- D. Limiting fluid intake to reduce mucus production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoiding environmental allergens and smoking. Environmental allergens and smoking are common triggers for asthma attacks. Avoiding these triggers can significantly reduce the risk of exacerbations. Over-the-counter medications may provide symptomatic relief but do not address the underlying triggers. Increasing physical activity can be beneficial but may also trigger asthma attacks in some individuals. Limiting fluid intake to reduce mucus production is not a recommended strategy for managing asthma triggers.