HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023 Related

Review HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023 related questions and content

Which organelle in the cell is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?

  • A. Ribosome
  • B. Golgi apparatus
  • C. Endoplasmic reticulum
  • D. Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell. It modifies, sorts, and packages these molecules into vesicles for transportation to their final destinations, either within the cell or outside of it. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the secretory pathway of cells, ensuring that proteins are properly processed and directed to where they are needed. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not packaging and distributing proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding but not primarily in packaging and distributing proteins. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, not packaging and distributing proteins.

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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen?

  • A. Vitamin C
  • B. Vitamin D
  • C. Vitamin B12
  • D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. It plays a key role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the stability and strength of collagen fibers.

Choice B: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis.

Choice C: Vitamin B12 is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly related to collagen synthesis.

Choice D: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism but does not play a direct role in collagen synthesis.

What is the main function of the large intestine?

  • A. Absorption of nutrients
  • B. Absorption of water
  • C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
  • D. Breaking down fats
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is the absorption of water and electrolytes from indigestible food residues, helping to form solid waste (feces) for elimination. It mainly reabsorbs water and compacts the remaining material into feces, playing a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and breaking down fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes.

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

  • A. To secrete digestive enzymes
  • B. To absorb nutrients
  • C. To break down food
  • D. To absorb water
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb nutrients. The small intestine's main role in the digestive system is to absorb nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures, such as villi and microvilli, that increase its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the small intestine does not primarily secrete digestive enzymes; that role is mainly carried out by the pancreas and other digestive organs. Choice C is incorrect because the small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients rather than breaking down food. Choice D is incorrect because the absorption of water primarily occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine.

What is the primary function of the heart?

  • A. To filter blood
  • B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
  • C. To remove waste
  • D. To regulate temperature
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body, supplying cells with vital substances. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by organs like the kidneys and liver. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not the heart.

Which fibrous connective tissue attaches muscles to bones?

  • A. Tendons
  • B. Ligaments
  • C. Cartilage
  • D. Fascia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, allowing the transmission of forces generated by muscles and facilitating movement at joints. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bones to other bones, providing stability. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue found in joints and the respiratory tract. Fascia surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, offering support and protection. Therefore, the correct answer is tendons as they specifically connect muscles to bones.

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