Nokea
Which orientation focuses on symptoms rather than looking at underlying causes?
- A. Psychodynamic
- B. Adlerian
- C. Jungian
- D. Behavioral
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psychodynamic. The psychodynamic orientation focuses on symptoms rather than underlying causes, emphasizing the importance of the unconscious mind. This approach views symptoms as manifestations of underlying psychological issues rooted in the unconscious. Choice B, Adlerian, is focused on individual psychology, social interests, and the importance of feelings of inferiority. Choice C, Jungian, is based on analytical psychology and the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Choice D, Behavioral, concentrates on observable behaviors and how they are learned and reinforced through interactions with the environment, rather than focusing on underlying causes.
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Deferred imitation of a caregiver's behavior shows that toddlers have the capacity to form?
- A. Short-term memory
- B. Working memory
- C. Core memories
- D. Long-term memory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deferred imitation refers to the ability of toddlers to observe and replicate behaviors after a period of time, indicating the formation of long-term memories. This process involves storing information for an extended period and recalling it at a later time. This capacity is not attributed to short-term memory (choice A), which is more temporary in nature and has limited storage capacity. Working memory (choice B) involves the temporary storage and manipulation of information for cognitive tasks, not necessarily the long-term retention of behaviors. Core memories (choice C) are typically associated with emotional or significant events rather than the replication of observed behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is choice D, as deferred imitation demonstrates toddlers' capability to form long-term memories by replicating behaviors observed earlier.
Which field of psychology studies attitude change and group behavior?
- A. Developmental psychology
- B. Social psychology
- C. Psychoanalysis
- D. Psychometrics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social psychology. Social psychology specifically focuses on studying topics like attitude change and group behavior. Developmental psychology (Choice A) primarily deals with human growth and development across the lifespan. Psychoanalysis (Choice C) is a theoretical approach to psychology developed by Sigmund Freud focusing on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Psychometrics (Choice D) involves the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, personality traits, and abilities.
What does ethnography refer to?
- A. A detailed description of a single culture or context
- B. Corrupted by original sin
- C. The product of evolution
- D. A blank slate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethnography refers to a detailed description of a single culture or context. It involves the systematic study and recording of human cultures, including customs, behaviors, and social structures. Choice B, 'Corrupted by original sin,' is incorrect as it does not relate to ethnography. Choice C, 'The product of evolution,' is incorrect as it does not define ethnography. Choice D, 'A blank slate,' is incorrect as it does not describe the practice of ethnography.
While the term psychology has existed since at least the early 1700s, psychology did not come to be considered a science until?
- A. The 1750s.
- B. The early 1800s.
- C. The late 1800s.
- D. The 1940s.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Psychology became recognized as a science in the late 1800s, aligning with broader trends in scientific inquiry during that period. This marked the establishment of psychology as a distinct field of study based on empirical research and experimentation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because psychology's formal recognition as a science occurred later, specifically in the late 1800s.
Which term refers to events that typically happen to everyone at certain times of life?
- A. Normative age-graded influence
- B. Social clock
- C. Sensitive period
- D. Normative history-graded influences
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Normative age-graded influence. Normative age-graded influences are events that typically happen to everyone at certain life stages, such as marriage, parenthood, puberty, and menopause. Choice B, 'Social clock,' refers to the culturally preferred timing of social events. Choice C, 'Sensitive period,' represents a time when a particular development occurs most easily. Choice D, 'Normative history-graded influences,' are common to people of a particular generation due to historical circumstances.