ATI TEAS Science Questions

ATI TEAS Science Questions Related

Review ATI TEAS Science Questions related questions and content

Which part of the brain controls the pituitary gland and regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature?

  • A. Thalamus
  • B. Hypothalamus
  • C. Medulla oblongata
  • D. Cerebellum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling the pituitary gland and regulating essential functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature. It acts as a vital link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in the body. Choice A, the Thalamus, is incorrect as it is primarily involved in relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex. Choice C, the Medulla oblongata, is not responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature; instead, it controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate. Choice D, the Cerebellum, is primarily associated with coordination and balance, not the regulation of endocrine functions or basic physiological needs.

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Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?

  • A. Hip
  • B. Neck
  • C. Shoulder
  • D. Elbow
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neck. A pivot joint, as found in the neck, allows for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint is essential for movements like shaking your head 'no' or looking left and right. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, not just rotational movement around a single axis like a pivot joint.

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

  • A. Nucleotide
  • B. Amino acid
  • C. Phosphate group
  • D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nucleotide. Nucleotides are indeed the monomers that make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. They consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins, not nucleic acids. While the phosphate group is a component of nucleotides, it is not the sole monomer. Ribosome is a cellular organelle involved in protein synthesis and is not a monomer for nucleic acids.

What is insulin, where is it produced, and what is its function?

  • A. Produced in the liver, regulates fat storage
  • B. Produced in the pancreas, regulates blood sugar
  • C. Produced in the stomach, aids in digestion
  • D. Produced in the kidneys, controls hydration
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas. Its primary function is to regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells for energy. The other choices are incorrect as insulin is not produced in the liver (Choice A), stomach (Choice C), or kidneys (Choice D), and its function is not related to fat storage, digestion, or hydration. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Which of the following nucleic acids carries the genetic information copied from DNA to the ribosomes?

  • A. DNA
  • B. mRNA
  • C. rRNA
  • D. tRNA
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: mRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic information copied from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. mRNA serves as a temporary copy of the genetic instructions stored in DNA and acts as a messenger between the nucleus and ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. While rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA) play essential roles in the process of translation at the ribosomes, mRNA is the nucleic acid directly involved in carrying the genetic code for protein synthesis. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as DNA is the original genetic material, rRNA is a component of the ribosomes, and tRNA carries amino acids during protein synthesis, respectively.

Most catalysts found in biological systems are which of the following?

  • A. Special lipids called cofactors.
  • B. Special proteins called enzymes.
  • C. Special lipids called enzymes.
  • D. Special proteins called cofactors.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems. They accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic pathways and are essential for various biological processes. While some enzymes may require cofactors for activity, the enzymes themselves are the catalysts in biological systems. Therefore, choice B, special proteins called enzymes, is the most suitable answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enzymes, not lipids, are the primary catalysts in biological systems.

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