Nokea
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is located at the base of the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebrum, although the largest part of the brain, is primarily responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary muscle movements. The cerebellum is involved in coordination, balance, and muscle control. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly responsible for regulating involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. Therefore, the correct answer is the medulla oblongata.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following statements is true about an allergic reaction?
- A. An allergic reaction, such as hives or wheezing, results from overactive body systems such as the integumentary and respiratory systems.
- B. An allergic reaction is a result of overactive B-cells in the body that release various immunoglobulins.
- C. An allergic reaction is caused by overactive mast cells in the body, which are stimulated by Immunoglobulin E.
- D. An allergic reaction involves substances like histamine, keratin, and collagen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mast cells are responsible for releasing histamine and other chemicals during an allergic response. Choice A is incorrect because hives and wheezing are symptoms of an allergic reaction, not the causes. Choice B is incorrect as B-cells are not directly involved in allergic reactions. Choice D is incorrect as keratin and collagen are not typically involved in allergic reactions, and histamine is released by mast cells.
Which part of the nervous system controls the 'fight or flight' response?
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Peripheral nervous system
- C. Autonomic nervous system
- D. Sympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the 'fight or flight' response by preparing the body for stressful situations. The central nervous system (Choice A) consists of the brain and spinal cord but does not directly control the 'fight or flight' response. The peripheral nervous system (Choice B) includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the autonomic nervous system (Choice C) regulates involuntary bodily functions but is not specific to the 'fight or flight' response.
Which of the following statements regarding the pericardium is not correct?
- A. It allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
- B. It is a single-walled layer around the heart
- C. It prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
- D. It protects and anchors the heart
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement about the pericardium is that it is double-walled, not single-walled. Choice A is correct because the pericardium does allow the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment, reducing friction during heartbeats. Choice C is correct as the pericardium helps prevent the overfilling of the heart with blood. Choice D is also correct as the pericardium serves to protect and anchor the heart in place within the chest cavity.
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Cerebrum
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla oblongata. This region of the brain is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The Cerebellum (Choice A) is primarily involved in coordination and balance. The Cerebrum (Choice C) is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary muscle movement. The Thalamus (Choice D) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not primarily responsible for controlling involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate.
What is the role of the kidneys in the body?
- A. To regulate body temperature
- B. To filter waste from the blood
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To transport oxygen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine, which helps maintain fluid balance and eliminate toxins from the body. Choice A is incorrect because regulating body temperature is primarily controlled by the skin and other mechanisms. Choice C is incorrect as hormone production is mainly attributed to other organs like the endocrine glands. Choice D is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily facilitated by the lungs and circulatory system, not the kidneys.