Nokea
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and memory?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Amygdala
- D. Brainstem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is responsible for regulating emotions and memory, particularly those related to fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, forming emotional memories, and modulating emotional reactions. The cerebrum (Choice A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The cerebellum (Choice B) is mainly involved in coordination and balance. The brainstem (Choice D) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.
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Which structure in the eye focuses light onto the retina?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Pupil
- D. Iris
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It plays a crucial role in adjusting the focus to allow for clear vision. After the light passes through the lens, it reaches the retina where it is converted into neural signals for the brain to interpret. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but its main function is to protect the eye. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.
Which chamber of the heart is the strongest and largest?
- A. Left atrium
- B. Right atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle is the largest and most powerful chamber of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it out to the body through the aorta, providing the body's tissues with vital oxygen and nutrients. The left atrium primarily acts as a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood from the lungs. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, while the right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is the left ventricle, as it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.
Which type of joint allows for rotational movement?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Pivot joint
- C. Ball and socket joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pivot joint, such as the one found in the neck, allows for rotational movement, enabling the head to turn from side to side. This type of joint provides a specific axis of rotation, allowing for a turning motion around that axis. Choice A, the hinge joint, primarily allows movement in one plane, like the elbow joint's flexion and extension. Choice C, the ball and socket joint, allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, but it is not primarily known for rotational movement. Choice D, the saddle joint, allows for movements like bending, straightening, and limited rotation, but it is not primarily designed for rotational movement like the pivot joint.
Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose levels?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisol
- D. Adrenaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is the hormone released in response to low blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas secretes glucagon to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels. This helps to restore the body's glucose balance. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood glucose levels to lower blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol is a stress hormone, and adrenaline is released in response to stress or danger, not specifically to regulate blood glucose levels.
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
- A. Veins
- B. Arteries
- C. Capillaries
- D. Lymphatic vessels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to supply tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system responsible for returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is arteries as they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.