Nokea
Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for producing seminal fluid?
- A. Bladder
- B. Urethra
- C. Prostate gland
- D. Kidney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the prostate gland (Choice C). The prostate gland, located near the bladder, is responsible for producing seminal fluid. This fluid, along with sperm from the testes, makes up semen. The bladder stores urine, the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, and the kidney filters waste from the blood to produce urine. The prostate gland's specific function is to secrete a milky, alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm during ejaculation to form semen. This fluid helps nourish and protect the sperm, aiding in their motility and viability. Therefore, the prostate gland plays a crucial role in male reproductive function by contributing to the composition and quality of semen, essential for fertility.
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According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, which functional group has the highest priority?
- A. Alcohol (OH)
- B. Aldehyde (CHO)
- C. Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
- D. Amine (NH2)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, functional groups are prioritized based on the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the functional group. Carboxylic acid (COOH) holds the highest priority as the carbon atom is directly bonded to two oxygen atoms, which have higher atomic numbers compared to carbon, hydrogen, or nitrogen. The higher the atomic number of the attached atoms, the higher the priority of the functional group in the CIP ranking system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they have lower atomic numbers in the atoms directly attached to them, making them lower in priority according to the CIP system.
What is the main function of the epiglottis, a small flap of cartilage located above the larynx?
- A. To warm and humidify inhaled air
- B. To control the passage of food and air
- C. To produce sound vibrations for speech
- D. To sense the presence of foreign objects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the epiglottis is to control the passage of food and air. It acts as a cover for the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. This mechanism ensures that food safely travels down the esophagus to the stomach, while air simultaneously enters the trachea and moves into the lungs for respiration. Choice A is incorrect as the warming and humidifying of inhaled air primarily occur in the nasal cavity. Choice C is incorrect because sound production for speech involves structures like the vocal cords rather than the epiglottis. Choice D is incorrect as sensing foreign objects is not a primary function of the epiglottis; instead, this role is typically associated with sensory receptors in the respiratory tract.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic refers to:
- A. The lowest concentration that kills bacteria
- B. The dose required for 50% bacterial inhibition
- C. The time it takes for an antibiotic to work
- D. The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) The lowest concentration that kills bacteria is known as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), not the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria.
B) The MIC of an antibiotic is the concentration at which bacterial growth is inhibited by 50%. This concentration is used to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against a specific bacterium.
C) The time it takes for an antibiotic to work is not described by the MIC. MIC is a measure of concentration, not time.
D) The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets is not defined by the MIC. The MIC value is specific to a particular antibiotic and bacterium, regardless of the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic.
Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in its state?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Density
- D. Weight
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mass.' Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in its state. When matter changes its state (solid, liquid, gas), its mass remains the same. On the other hand, volume can change with the shape the matter takes, density changes as the mass is distributed differently, and weight can vary with the gravitational pull. Therefore, mass is the property that remains constant irrespective of the state of matter, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
How is power defined in terms of physics?
- A. The rate at which work is done
- B. The amount of force applied
- C. The distance an object travels
- D. The potential energy of an object
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done, which refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Choice B, 'The amount of force applied,' is incorrect as power is related to work done, not just force. Choice C, 'The distance an object travels,' is not the definition of power but rather relates to displacement or distance. Choice D, 'The potential energy of an object,' is not the correct definition of power; potential energy is different from power. Therefore, the correct definition of power in physics is the rate at which work is done.