Nokea
Which part of the neuron has the highest concentration of Na.
- A. dendrites
- B. cell body
- C. synaptic knobs
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The intracellular concentration of Na+ is generally low in all parts of the neuron due to the action of the Na+, K+ ATPase pump, which actively transports Na+ out of the cell. Therefore, none of the listed parts have a high concentration of Na+.
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The nurse instructs a client who has a neurological deficit regarding nutrition and diet. What should the client do?
- A. Eat two large meals instead of frequent small meals.
- B. Consume a diet low in fiber.
- C. Chew foods quickly.
- D. Be sure to take fluids frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staying hydrated is crucial for clients with neurological deficits to prevent constipation and urinary tract infections.
A client with a subdural hematoma becomes restless and confused, with dilation of the ipsilateral pupil. The physician orders mannitol for which of the following reasons?
- A. To reduce intraocular pressure
- B. To prevent acute tubular necrosis
- C. To promote osmotic diuresis to decrease ICP
- D. To draw water into the vascular system to increase blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that draws fluid from the brain tissue into the vascular system, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This is critical in cases of subdural hematoma, where increased ICP can lead to brain herniation and further neurological damage. The drug works by creating an osmotic gradient, pulling water from the extracellular space of the brain into the bloodstream, which is then excreted by the kidneys. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms like restlessness, confusion, and pupil dilation caused by increased ICP.
In the initial nursing assessment of Mr. Singer it is important to remember that malignant rheumatoid arthritis
- A. is limited to the synovial joints
- B. may also involve the heart, lungs, and other body systems
- C. is primarily an episodic disease
- D. affects primarily the proximal joints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant rheumatoid arthritis can affect multiple organ systems beyond the joints.
When an edrophonium (Tensilon) test is carried out, which of the following drugs must be available as an antidote?
- A. Atropine sulfate
- B. Diazepam (Valium)
- C. Ephedrine
- D. Corticosteroids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atropine sulfate is used as an antidote for cholinergic crisis.
Which kind of hip fracture is usually repaired with a hip prosthesis?
- A. Intracapsular
- B. Extracapsular
- C. Subtrochanteric
- D. Intertrochanteric
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intracapsular fractures often require prosthetic repair.