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Which part of your brain is active when you get cues about being hungry, thirsty, or sleepy?
- A. Hippocampus
- B. Thalamus
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Amygdala
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Hypothalamus (Choice C). The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating basic bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. It receives cues related to these needs and helps to maintain homeostasis in the body. The Hippocampus (Choice A) is primarily involved in memory formation and spatial navigation, not in regulating physiological needs. The Thalamus (Choice B) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not the main center for hunger, thirst, or sleep regulation. The Amygdala (Choice D) is more associated with emotions, particularly fear and pleasure, rather than physiological needs like hunger, thirst, or sleep.
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How did philosopher John Locke characterize the mind of a child?
- A. Innately good
- B. Conscientiousness
- C. Superego-ideal
- D. A blank slate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Philosopher John Locke characterized the mind of a child as a 'blank slate,' indicating that it is devoid of innate ideas or characteristics. This concept suggests that a child's mind is shaped and developed through experiences and learning rather than having inherent qualities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Locke did not view the mind of a child as innately good, conscientious, or associated with the superego-ideal. Instead, he believed that individuals are born without built-in mental content, emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on cognitive development.
With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?
- A. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
- B. In order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
- C. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual's interpretation of experience.
- D. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Behaviorists argue that psychology should focus on observable behavior that can be studied objectively. Choice A is incorrect because behaviorists do not typically focus on conscious experiences, as they are not directly observable. Choice B is incorrect because behaviorists emphasize that behavior can be understood without delving into internal motives. Choice C is incorrect as behaviorists do not exclusively explain behavior through an individual's interpretation of experience; they focus on observable actions and reactions.
In order for one to have a recessive trait (e.g., having red hair), the person must receive?
- A. At least one copy of a recessive gene from a parent
- B. Two copies of a recessive gene, one from each parent
- C. At least one copy of a recessive gene and at least one copy of a dominant gene
- D. At least two copies of a recessive gene from one parent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Recessive traits are expressed when an individual inherits two copies of the recessive gene, one from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect as one copy of a recessive gene is not sufficient to display a recessive trait. Choice C is incorrect because having at least one copy of a dominant gene is unrelated to expressing a recessive trait. Choice D is incorrect because two copies of a recessive gene must come from both parents, not just one.
Which of the following is a common criticism against Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
- A. The sequence of stages is not fixed.
- B. Research has not supported the existence of the preoperational stage.
- C. Piaget put a heavy emphasis on the environment, ignoring the importance of mental processes.
- D. Children develop abilities earlier than Piaget theorized.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because one common criticism of Piaget's theory is that children often acquire cognitive abilities earlier than Piaget proposed. This criticism suggests that Piaget's stages might not be as fixed or rigid as he believed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A is a characteristic of Piaget's theory; B is not a common criticism, as research generally supports the existence of Piaget's stages; and C is inaccurate, as Piaget actually emphasized the importance of mental processes in cognitive development.
Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?
- A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
- B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
- C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
- D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.