Nokea
Which pediatric condition is most likely to present with a "whooping" sound during coughing?
- A. Croup
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Pertussis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pertussis. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by a "whooping" sound during coughing episodes. This distinctive sound is due to the rapid intake of air after a series of coughs. Choice A, Croup, typically presents with a barking cough and stridor. Choice B, Bronchitis, is characterized by a productive cough with mucus. Choice D, Asthma, usually presents with wheezing and shortness of breath.
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What should preoperative care of a newborn with an anorectal malformation include?
- A. Frequent suctioning
- B. Gastrointestinal decompression
- C. Feedings with sterile water only
- D. Supine position with head elevated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preoperative care for a newborn with an anorectal malformation should include feedings with sterile water only. This approach is important to avoid complications before surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is necessary to prevent abdominal distention and potential aspiration, making choice B incorrect. Frequent suctioning and placing the newborn in a supine position with the head elevated are not typically part of the preoperative care protocol for an anorectal malformation, thus choices A and D are incorrect.
What is the primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn?
- A. Cyanosis
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Absent breath sounds
- D. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Absent breath sounds on the affected side are a primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Cyanosis, bradycardia, and tachypnea may also be present but are not the primary symptom. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation, bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate, and tachypnea is rapid breathing.
Which pediatric condition is characterized by a "string sign" on an upper GI series?
- A. Intussusception
- B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- C. Hirschsprung disease
- D. Meckel diverticulum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The "string sign" is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a condition where the pyloric canal is narrowed, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Intussusception (choice A) typically presents with colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Hirschsprung disease (choice C) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon. Meckel diverticulum (choice D) is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine that can present with painless rectal bleeding.
In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?
- A. Irritability
- B. Rapid heartbeat
- C. Confusion
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.
The nurse is preparing to admit a 10-year-old child with appendicitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Fever
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct! Typical signs of appendicitis include fever, vomiting, and tachycardia due to infection and inflammation. These clinical manifestations are commonly observed in patients with appendicitis. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with appendicitis, so they are not expected findings in this situation. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'