Nokea
Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?
- A. Refraction
- B. Diffraction
- C. Dispersion
- D. Reflection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dispersion is the phenomenon that describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism. When white light enters a prism, it is refracted at different angles depending on its wavelength, causing the colors to spread out. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, not the separation of colors. Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles, not the separation of colors. Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays from a surface, not the separation of colors. In the context of a prism, dispersion plays a key role in the creation of a spectrum of colors by separating the different wavelengths present in white light.
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Which of the following can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections?
- A. Regular exercise
- B. Balanced diet
- C. Chronic stress
- D. Adequate sleep
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system by increasing the production of stress hormones like cortisol, which can suppress the immune response. This suppression can make individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. Conversely, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep actually support a healthy immune system and help strengthen it. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are factors that generally contribute positively to the immune system. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are crucial for maintaining overall health and boosting the immune system rather than weakening it.
Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating the release of milk from breast tissue after childbirth?
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- C. Prolactin
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the release of milk from breast tissue after childbirth. It is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in lactation. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the menstrual cycle and reproductive processes, not milk production. Estrogen is a female sex hormone with various functions but is not directly involved in milk production.
What is the process of converting glucose into ATP, the cell's primary energy currency, called?
- A. Cellular respiration
- B. Fermentation
- C. Photosynthesis
- D. Hydrolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A) Cellular respiration is the correct answer. It is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. This process involves a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells or the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. Through cellular respiration, the energy stored in glucose molecules is gradually released and captured in the form of ATP.
B) Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It involves the partial breakdown of glucose to produce ATP and end products such as lactic acid or ethanol. While fermentation can generate ATP, it is less efficient than cellular respiration in terms of energy production.
C) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process occurs in chloroplasts and is the opposite of cellular respiration. While photosynthesis produces glucose, it is not the process of converting glucose into ATP.
D) Hydrolysis is a chemical process that uses water to break down molecules into smaller components. It is not specifically related to converting glucose into ATP.
What happens to the wavelength of a wave when its frequency increases while the speed remains constant?
- A. Wavelength increases
- B. Wavelength decreases
- C. Wavelength remains the same
- D. Wavelength becomes zero
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the speed of a wave is constant and the frequency increases, the wavelength must decrease to keep the speed constant. The speed of a wave is determined by the product of frequency and wavelength (speed = frequency x wavelength). If the frequency increases while the speed remains constant, the wavelength has to decrease proportionally to maintain the speed unchanged. Therefore, as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases to ensure that the speed of the wave remains constant. Choice A is incorrect because as frequency increases, wavelength decreases. Choice C is incorrect as the wavelength cannot remain the same when frequency increases while speed is constant. Choice D is incorrect as the wavelength cannot become zero under these conditions.
What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?
- A. Circulatory system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Lymphatic system
- D. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.