Nokea
Which physiologic adaptation of pregnancy may lead to increased constipation during the pregnancy?
- A. Increased emptying time in the intestines
- B. Abdominal distention and bloating
- C. Decreased absorption of water
- D. Decreased motility in the intestines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased motility in the intestines. During pregnancy, hormonal changes, specifically increased levels of progesterone, can lead to decreased intestinal motility. This slower movement of food through the intestines can result in constipation. The other choices are incorrect because increased emptying time in the intestines (choice A) would actually help prevent constipation, abdominal distention and bloating (choice B) are symptoms of constipation rather than causes, and decreased absorption of water (choice C) would not directly lead to increased constipation.
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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the uterus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. lightening occurs near the end of the second trimester as the uterus rises into a different position
- B. the woman's increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is the result of exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions become more painful in the third trimester, particularly if the woman tries to exercise
- D. the uterine souffle is the movement of the fetus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Softening of the lower uterine segment (Hegar's sign) causes increased urinary frequency in the first trimester. Lightening occurs late in pregnancy, Braxton Hicks contractions are not typically painful, and the uterine souffle refers to blood flow sounds.
The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:
- A. a positive pregnancy test
- B. fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions
- D. quickening
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive signs of pregnancy are attributed to the presence of a fetus, such as hearing the fetal heartbeat or palpating fetal movement. Presumptive and probable signs are less definitive.
Which finding in the urine analysis of a pregnant woman is considered a variation of normal?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Glycosuria
- C. Bacteria in the urine
- D. Ketones in the urine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small amounts of glucose (glycosuria) can occur normally during pregnancy. Proteinuria, bacteria, and ketones indicate potential complications.
Which comment made by a new mother to her own mother is most likely to encourage the grandmother's participation in the infant's care?
- A. "Could you help me with the housework today?"
- B. "The baby is spitting up a lot. What should I do?"
- C. "I know you are busy, so I'll get John's mother to help me
- D. “The baby has a stomachache. I’ll call the nurse to find out what to do.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it directly involves the grandmother in the baby's care by seeking advice and guidance. Asking for help with a specific issue shows trust and respect for the grandmother's experience. Choice A is about housework, not infant care. Choice C suggests seeking help elsewhere. Choice D involves a healthcare professional, not the grandmother.
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:
- A. primipar
- B. primigravida
- C. multipara
- D. nulligravida.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: primipar. A primipar refers to a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability. This term specifically indicates that the woman has given birth to at least one viable fetus.
Explanation:
1. Primipar specifically refers to the number of completed pregnancies, indicating one pregnancy with a viable fetus.
2. Primigravida (B) refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time and has not yet given birth.
3. Multipara (C) refers to a woman who has completed two or more pregnancies resulting in viable offspring.
4. Nulligravida (D) refers to a woman who has never been pregnant.
In summary, the correct answer, primipar, is the most accurate term to describe a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability, distinguishing her from the other choices.