Which population is at a higher risk for dying from a myocar...

Which population is at a higher risk for dying from a myocardial infarction?

A. Caucasian males.
B. Hispanic females.
C. Asian males.
D. African American females.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: African American females (D) have higher MI mortality rates due to increased prevalence of risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, and disparities in healthcare access. Caucasian males (A), Hispanic females (B), and Asian males (C) have lower relative risk.

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The client has just had a pericardiocentesis. Which interventions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

A. Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes for the first hour.
B. Assess the client's heart and lung sounds.
C. Record the amount of fluid removed as output.
D. Evaluate the client's cardiac rhythm.
E. Keep the client in the supine position.

Correct Answer: A,B,C,D

Rationale: Post-pericardiocentesis, monitor vital signs (A), heart/lung sounds (B), fluid output (C), and rhythm (D) to detect complications. Supine position (E) is not required; semi-Fowler’s is preferred.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which should the nurse teach the client prior to discharge?

A. Carry your nitroglycerin tablets in a brown bottle.
B. Swallow a nitroglycerin tablet at the first sign of angina.
C. If one nitroglycerin tablet does not work in 10 minutes, take another.
D. Nitroglycerin tablets have a fruity odor if they are potent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nitroglycerin should be stored in a dark bottle (A) to maintain potency. Swallowing (B) is incorrect (sublingual), 10 minutes (C) should be 5, and fruity odor (D) is not a potency indicator.

The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. A nursing diagnosis of 'decreased cardiac output related to inability of the heart to pump effectively' is written. Which short-term goal would be best for the client?

A. The client will be able to ambulate in the hall by date of discharge.
B. The client will have an audible S1 and S2 with no S3 heard by end of shift.
C. The client will turn, cough, and deep breathe every two (2) hours.
D. The client will have a SaO2 reading of 98% by day two (2) of care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Absence of an S3 heart sound (B) indicates improved cardiac function, directly addressing decreased cardiac output. Ambulation (A) is long-term, turning/coughing (C) is an intervention, and SaO2 of 98% (D) is less specific to cardiac output.

According to the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines, which steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for an adult suffering from a cardiac arrest should the nurse teach individuals in the community? Rank in order of performance.

A. Place the hands over the lower half of the sternum.
B. Look for obvious signs of breathing.
C. Begin compressions at a ratio of 30:2.
D. Call for an AED immediately.
E. Position the victim on the back.

Correct Answer: E,B,D,A,C

Rationale: 1. Position on back (E): Ensures a firm surface. 2. Look for breathing (B): Confirms arrest. 3. Call for AED (D): Activates help. 4. Place hands on sternum (A): Prepares for compressions. 5. Begin compressions 30:2 (C): Starts CPR.

The client diagnosed with pericarditis is complaining of increased pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

A. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
B. Evaluate the client's urinary output.
C. Assess the client for cardiac complications.
D. Encourage the client to use the incentive spirometer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased pain in pericarditis may indicate complications like tamponade. Assessing for cardiac complications (C) is the priority. Oxygen (A), urinary output (B), and spirometry (D) are secondary.