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Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?
- A. Syphilis contracted from a sexual partner.
- B. Measles resulting from a daycare center outbreak.
- C. Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
- D. Nosocomial influenza spreading rapidly in a long-term care center.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Malaria is transmitted indirectly through mosquito bites. Choice A is incorrect as syphilis is acquired through direct contact with an infected sexual partner. Choice B is incorrect as measles can be transmitted through respiratory droplets in close contact settings like daycare centers. Choice D is incorrect as nosocomial influenza spreads within healthcare facilities through direct contact or droplets.
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What is the term for a learning process whereby knowledge, attitudes, and practice of people are changed to improve the health status of individuals, families, or communities?
- A. Motivating
- B. Counseling
- C. Disease prevention
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health education is the correct term for the learning process that involves changing knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance health status. Choice A, 'Motivating,' is incorrect as it refers to inspiring action rather than the educational aspect. Choice B, 'Counseling,' focuses on providing guidance and support rather than specifically targeting knowledge and practice changes. Choice C, 'Disease prevention,' is related to strategies aimed at avoiding the occurrence of illnesses rather than the broader concept of educating for overall health improvement.
From January 1 to 15, 1996, there were 8 cases of Tetanus neonatorum in San Lazaro Hospital. There were two deaths. What is the case fatality ratio of this disease?
- A. 20%
- B. 30%
- C. 28%
- D. 25%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which organization is primarily responsible for global public health?
- A. World Health Organization (WHO)
- B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- C. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- D. United Nations (UN)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO is the primary organization responsible for global public health initiatives, coordinating international health efforts, setting norms and standards, providing technical support, and monitoring health trends. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they play significant roles in health and global affairs, they do not have the primary responsibility for global public health like the WHO does.
When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?
- A. Perform all these steps
- B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
- C. Describe the procedure
- D. Demonstrate the procedure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.
In reviewing the assessment data of a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse expects which of the following after a water deprivation test?
- A. Increased edema and weight gain
- B. Unchanged urine specific gravity
- C. Rapid protein excretion
- D. Decreased blood potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a water deprivation test in a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse would expect the urine specific gravity to remain unchanged. This occurs because in diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to a low urine specific gravity even after water deprivation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased edema and weight gain are not typical findings in diabetes insipidus. Rapid protein excretion is not directly related to the condition, and decreased blood potassium is not a common outcome of a water deprivation test for diabetes insipidus.