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Which procedure has to be done to the patient to establish a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer?
- A. Chest x-ray followed by a CT scan
- B. Cytological study of the sputum
- C. Bronchoscopy
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the airways in the lungs. It is considered the most definitive method to establish a diagnosis of lung cancer as it can directly visualize any abnormal growths or tumors in the bronchial tubes. During bronchoscopy, tissue samples can be collected for biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. This procedure is more accurate compared to other diagnostic methods such as chest x-ray, CT scan, cytological study of sputum, or magnetic resonance imaging in confirming a diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Which of the following procedures would be MOST helpful to Nurse Victor to confirm the underlying cause of cardiogenic shock?
- A. Monitoring pulmonary artery pressure
- B. Monitoring mean arterial pressure
- C. Monitoring cardiac enzymes
- D. Measuring central venous pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring cardiac enzymes would be most helpful to Nurse Victor to confirm the underlying cause of cardiogenic shock. Cardiac enzymes are specific markers in the blood that indicate damage to the heart muscle, such as troponin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). When a patient experiences cardiogenic shock, there is usually damage to the heart muscle which leads to the release of these enzymes into the bloodstream. Monitoring cardiac enzymes can help confirm if the cause of cardiogenic shock is related to myocardial infarction or another cardiac issue. This information is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment and management plan for the patient. Monitoring pulmonary artery pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous pressure may provide important hemodynamic information but may not directly confirm the underlying cause of cardiogenic shock.
Nurse Bea recall the theory or Nursing as caring by ______.
- A. Orem
- B. Kings
- C. Watson
- D. Benners
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The theory of Nursing as Caring was developed by Dr. Jean Watson, a renowned nurse theorist and professor. Watson's Theory of Human Caring focuses on the importance of the nurse-patient relationship, emphasizing the significance of caring in promoting healing and promoting holistic well-being. This theory emphasizes the humanistic aspects of nursing care and highlights the nurse's role in fostering a caring environment that encompasses physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions. Watson's theory emphasizes the importance of empathy, compassion, and authentic presence in nursing practice, making it a valuable framework for guiding nursing care and promoting healing outcomes.
Nurses are taught as students that the ideal and PROPER time for recording vital signs and notes on the patient is __________.
- A. to wait for lunch break to do the recording
- B. after al11 the tasks are done, in order to conserve time
- C. as Soon as they obtain the signs or observations on the patient
- D. to wait for lunch break to do the recording
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is essential for nurses to record vital signs and notes on a patient as soon as they obtain them. This allows for accurate and timely documentation of crucial information related to the patient's health status. By recording the information promptly, nurses can ensure that they do not forget important details and can provide effective care based on accurate data. Waiting for lunch break or after completing other tasks can lead to delays in documentation, which may compromise patient care and safety. Therefore, the ideal and proper time for recording vital signs and notes is immediately after obtaining them.
A patient is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the management of osteoarthritis. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs are known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal complications, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and perforation. This risk is higher in patients who are elderly, have a history of peptic ulcer disease, are taking high doses of NSAIDs, or are using them for a prolonged period. It is important for the nurse to closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as abdominal pain, black or tarry stools, vomiting blood, and anemia. Prompt identification and management of these complications are essential to prevent serious consequences. Monitoring for gastrointestinal adverse effects is crucial when a patient is prescribed NSAIDs for managing conditions like osteoarthritis.
A woman in active labor has been diagnosed with placenta previa. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Prepare for immediate cesarean section.
- B. Administer intravenous oxytocin to augment labor.
- C. Insert a Foley catheter to monitor urine output.
- D. Implement bed rest and continuous fetal monitoring.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a woman in active labor with placenta previa, the priority nursing intervention is to prepare for an immediate cesarean section. Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, which can lead to severe bleeding during labor and delivery. The risk of hemorrhage is significant, making a cesarean section the safest option for both the mother and the baby in this situation. It is crucial to act promptly to prevent complications and ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. Administering intravenous oxytocin to augment labor or inserting a Foley catheter to monitor urine output would not address the immediate risk of hemorrhage associated with placenta previa. Implementing bed rest and continuous fetal monitoring may be part of the overall care plan but not the priority intervention in this urgent situation.