Nokea
Which process matches the definition: Circular muscles behind a bolus of food contract and longitudinal muscles relax, thus pushing a bolus of food onwards?
- A. Segmentation
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Emesis
- D. Deglutition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis involves coordinated muscle contractions to push food forward.
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Largest gland of body -
- A. Pancreas
- B. Duodenum
- C. Liver
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, performing numerous metabolic functions.
Which type of digestion breaks down pieces of food into small molecules?
- A. chemical digestion
- B. peristalsis digestion
- C. mechanical digestion
- D. absorption digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break food into small molecules.
What structure in the intestine increases surface area?
- A. Villas
- B. Villi
- C. Cilia
- D. Protrusii
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
When teaching a group of senior citizens about nutrition, the nurse should include information about which of the following age-related changes in gastrointestinal functioning?
- A. Sensory changes that affect taste
- B. Problems with dentition
- C. Reduced gastric juice secretion
- D. Enhanced GI muscle tone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced gastric juice secretion is a common age-related change affecting digestion.
Which of the following is not a major gastrointestinal hormone?
- A. epinephrine
- B. secretin
- C. gastrin
- D. cholecystokinin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine is not a gastrointestinal hormone; it is primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous system.