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Which recommendation would a nurse advocate during infancy and childhood to help reduce potential adult complications such as orchitis?
- A. Ensure immunizations against infectious diseases such as mumps.
- B. Engage in activities and exercises that minimize heavy lifting.
- C. Encourage the consumption of foods that are rich in fat and starch.
- D. Urge the limited intake of foods and fluids containing caffeine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses should advocate for infant and childhood immunizations against infectious diseases such as mumps to reduce potential adult complications such as orchitis. Minimizing activities involving heavy lifting or urging limited intake of caffeine have no effect on the potential for adult complications such as orchitis. The nurse should encourage foods that are low in fat and starch; however, this also would have no effect on the potential for orchitis.
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A client comes to the outpatient clinic for information on a vasectomy. Which instruction should be included by the nurse?
- A. Vasectomies should be considered a permanent means of birth control.
- B. Following surgery, sexual intercourse should be avoided for 3 months.
- C. Postoperative discomfort can be relieved with use of warm bath.
- D. Vasectomy can result in permanent impotence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although attempts to reverse a vasectomy have proven successful, a vasectomy should be considered a permanent means of birth control. Scar formation and/or sperm leakage can interfere with restoration of reproductive effectiveness. Sexual intercourse can be resumed when it is comfortable to do so, usually in about 1 week. Postoperative discomfort should be controlled with application of cold to reduce swelling or use of mild analgesics. On occasion, clients have complained of impotence, but vasectomies have no effect on erection or ejaculation.
A young client is admitted with torsion of the spermatic cord. Which is the appropriate action to be taken by the nurse?
- A. Elevate the scrotum.
- B. Keep the client NPO.
- C. Monitor vital signs for cardiac changes.
- D. Avoid the use of analgesics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With torsion of the spermatic cord, immediate surgery is necessary to prevent atrophy of the cord and preserve fertility. The client should be placed on NPO state in preparation for surgery. Elevating the scrotum intensifies the pain by increasing the degree of twist. Analgesics are prescribed preoperatively to control pain. Cardiac changes are not indicated unless client history warrants assessment.
A clinic nurse is scheduled to see four male clients. Which assessment finding is most important in determining which client has a higher risk for developing testicular cancer?
- A. Previous sexually transmitted infection (STI)
- B. Low sperm count
- C. Cryptorchidism as an infant
- D. Family history of cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Caucasian men who have had cryptorchidism as an infant, regardless of whether an orchiopexy was performed, are at higher risk, for incidence of testicular cancer. STIs, low sperm count, and family history of general cancer are not indicative of testicular cancer risk.
Following morning hygiene of an older adult client, the nurse is unable to replace the retracted foreskin of the penis. Which is the most likely outcome?
- A. Erection of the penis
- B. Unclean gls
- C. Painful swelling
- D. Nuseea and vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paraphimosis results in strangulation of the glans penis from inability to replace the retracted foreskin. The strangulation results in painful swelling of the glans. Erection of the penis in the presence of phimosis can cause pain but is not a result of retracted foreskin. Nausea and vomiting are not indicated with retraction of foreskin.
A client is diagnosed with stage II cancer of the prostate. The nurse interprets this as indicating which of the following?
- A. Cancer is small with no symptoms.
- B. Tumor is confined to the prostate gland.
- C. Tumor has spread beyond the prostate.
- D. Tumor has expanded to the bladder.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage II cancer of the prostate involves a tumor that is larger than stage I but is still confined to the prostate gland, if left untreated, it is more likely to spread beyond the prostate and cause symptoms. Stage I cancer of the prostate involves a small, slow-growing cancer that may never cause symptoms or other health problems. Stage III involves a tumor that has spread beyond the prostate but has not reached the bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, or other organs. Stage IV involves a tumor that has spread to the bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, or distant organs such as the bones.