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Which scenario best demonstrates an example of eustress?
- A. A child loses a beloved family pet.
- B. A single male prepares to take a 1-week vacation to a tropical island with a group of close friends.
- C. A couple receives a bank notice there were insufficient funds in their account for a recent rent payment.
- D. A married female receives notification that their current employer is experiencing financial problems and some workers will be terminated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eustress is beneficial stress; it motivates people to develop skills they need to solve problems and meet personal goals. Positive life experiences produce eustress. Going on a tropical vacation is an exciting, relaxing experience and an example of eustress. Losing the family pet, worrying about employment security, and having financial problems are examples of distress, a negative experience that drains energy and can lead to significant emotional problems.
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A veteran of the war in Afghanistan was diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The veteran says, 'If there's a loud noise at night, I get under my bed because I think we're getting bombed.' What type of experience has the veteran described?
- A. Illusion
- B. Flashback
- C. Nightmare
- D. Auditory hallucination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flashbacks are dissociative reactions in which an individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event were recurring. Illusions are misinterpretations of stimuli; although the experience is similar, the more accurate term is flashback because of the diagnosis of PTSD. Auditory hallucinations have no external stimuli. Nightmares commonly accompany PTSD, but this experience is stimulated by an actual environmental sound.
A nurse assesses the health status of veterans of the war in Afghanistan. Screening will be a priority for signs and symptoms of which health problems? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Schizophrenia
- B. Eating disorder
- C. Traumatic brain injury
- D. Seasonal affective disorder
- E. Posttraumatic stress disorder
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: TBI and PTSD each occur in approximately 20% of soldiers who experienced combat. Some soldiers have both problems. The incidence of disorders identified in the distractors would be expected to parallel the general population.
A veteran of military combat tells the nurse, 'I saw a child get blown up over a year ago, and now I keep seeing bits of flesh everywhere. I see something red and the visions race back to my mind.' Which phenomenon associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is this veteran describing?
- A. Re-experiencing
- B. Hyperarousal
- C. Avoidance
- D. Psychosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spontaneous or cued recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic events are often associated with PTSD. The veteran has described intrusive thoughts and visions associated with re-experiencing the traumatic event. This description does not indicate psychosis, hypervigilance, or avoidance.
A patient is brought to the emergency department after a motorcycle accident. The patient is alert, responsive, and diagnosed with a broken leg. The patient's vital signs are temperature (T), $98.6^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$; pulse (P), 72 beats/min (bpm); and respirations (R), 16 breaths per minute. After being informed that surgery is required for the broken leg, which vital sign readings would be expected?
- A. T, 98.6°; P, 64; R, 14
- B. T, 98.6°; P, 68; R, 12
- C. T, 98.6°; P, 62; R, 16
- D. T, 98.6°; P, 84; R, 22
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient would experience stress associated with the anticipation of surgery. In times of stress, the sympathetic nervous system takes over (fight-or-flight response) and sends signals to the adrenal glands, thereby releasing epinephrine. The circulating epinephrine increases the heart rate. Respirations increase, bringing more oxygen to the lungs.
A nurse designs a plan of exercise for a patient experiencing stress. What rationale should the nurse cite when presenting this plan to the treatment team?
- A. Exercise will stimulate endorphins and improve the patient's feelings of well-being.
- B. Exercise prevents damage from overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
- C. Exercise detoxifies the body by removing metabolic wastes and other toxins.
- D. Exercise will prevent exacerbation of the stress by the limbic system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exercise is a stress reduction strategy that stimulates endorphins and improves patient's feelings of well-being. The other options are not accurate.