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Which school of psychology takes the most positive view of human nature?
- A. Behaviorism.
- B. Functionalism.
- C. Humanism.
- D. Psychoanalysis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humanism. Humanism is a school of psychology that focuses on the positive aspects of human nature, emphasizing personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness in individuals. Behaviorism (choice A) primarily focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning, functionalism (choice B) emphasizes the functions of consciousness and behavior adaptation, and psychoanalysis (choice D) delves into unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences, rather than having a fundamentally positive view of human nature.
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A newspaper article reported a study by a psychologist in which the attitudes of men and women toward traditional sex roles were studied. Most likely, the researcher was?
- A. A cognitive psychologist.
- B. A counseling psychologist.
- C. A developmental psychologist.
- D. A social psychologist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, a social psychologist. Social psychologists focus on how societal factors, including norms and expectations, influence behaviors and attitudes. In this case, studying the attitudes of men and women toward traditional sex roles aligns with the research domain of social psychology. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cognitive psychologists focus on mental processes, counseling psychologists on helping individuals with personal and interpersonal issues, and developmental psychologists on human growth and development, respectively, which are not directly related to studying attitudes towards traditional sex roles influenced by societal factors.
One key issue in the study of human development is the continuity-discontinuity issue. The discontinuity side posits that development is characterized by change in type or kind. These are known as ____.
- A. Qualitative change
- B. Quantitative change
- C. Maturation
- D. Multidirectional development
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Qualitative change. Qualitative change aligns with the discontinuity view by involving changes in type or kind. This contrasts with quantitative change (B), which is about changes in amount or quantity. Maturation (C) refers to the process of becoming fully developed in a particular way, and multidirectional development (D) emphasizes that development involves both gains and losses, not specifically focusing on changes in type or kind.
a researcher found that there is a negative relationship between perceived parental perfectionism and life satisfaction. what does this mean?
- A. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction
- B. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report lower levels of life satisfaction
- C. Perceived parental perfectionism causes a decline in life satisfaction
- D. Any of the above is correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
During conception, the 23 unpaired chromosomes in the ovum and sperm combine to form 23 pairs in an entirely new cell called the?
- A. Embryo
- B. DNA
- C. Fetus
- D. Zygote
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Zygote. A zygote is formed when the 23 chromosomes from the ovum and sperm combine during conception. It is the initial cell formed and marks the beginning of a new organism. Choice A, Embryo, is incorrect as an embryo is formed later in the development process. Choice B, DNA, is incorrect as DNA is the genetic material within the chromosomes but is not the name of the new cell formed after fertilization. Choice C, Fetus, is incorrect as a fetus is the stage of prenatal development that occurs well after the zygote stage.
Nearly all adults who were children living in Saigon when the U.S. armed forces left Vietnam in 1975 report that their lives were changed by those events. This exemplifies which of the following?
- A. Normative age-graded influence
- B. Social clock
- C. Critical period
- D. Sensitive period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This scenario exemplifies a critical period in development. Critical periods are specific times in an individual's life when certain events have a profound impact on their development. In this case, the events surrounding the departure of the U.S. armed forces from Saigon in 1975 had a lasting influence on the children living there at that time. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Normative age-graded influence refers to events that are common to people of a particular age group, the social clock relates to the culturally preferred timing of social events, and a sensitive period is a time when an individual is more susceptible to environmental influences but does not result in lifelong consequences as with critical periods.