Nokea
Which statement about chemical digestion in the human alimentary canal is correct?
- A. Digestion of carbohydrates is completed in the colon.
- B. Enzymes are secreted to break down cellulose in the duodenum.
- C. Protein digestion is completed in the ileum.
- D. The stomach secretes enzymes to break down starch.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin and is completed in the ileum by proteolytic enzymes from the pancreas and intestinal mucosa.
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Which of these human teeth are used for grinding?
- A. incisors
- B. canines
- C. premolars
- D. molars
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Molars are flat, broad teeth specialized for grinding food.
Which one differ from the category of other three-
- A. Gastrin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Secretin
- D. Ptyalin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ptyalin is an enzyme, while the others are hormones.
When suggesting menu options to a group of senior citizens, the nurse is careful to include which of the following choices that would enhance normal physiology and prevent the problem of constipation?
- A. Whole grains
- B. Highly spiced or flavored foods
- C. Limiting fluids
- D. Salads and fresh fruits
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Whole grains increase fiber intake, promoting bowel regularity and preventing constipation.
Saliva contains two enzymes. What are they?
- A. Amylase and pepsin
- B. Amylase and lysozyme
- C. Amylase and lipase
- D. Amylase and renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) for starch digestion and lysozyme for antibacterial action. Pepsin is in the stomach, lipase is mainly pancreatic, and renin is unrelated to saliva.
The liver facilitates the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid, resulting in the formation of bilirubin glucuronide. The primary objective of this process is to:
- A. Convert bilirubin into a form suitable for storage within the body
- B. Generate bile salts required for the absorption of lipids
- C. Enable the transportation of bilirubin in the blood to sites where it can be utilized
- D. Render bilirubin water-soluble, facilitating its excretion in the urine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conjugation makes bilirubin water-soluble, allowing its excretion in bile and urine, preventing accumulation.