Nokea
Which statement about the placebo is the most accurate?
- A. Placebos are often used to determine if the client's reports of pain are valid.
- B. Placebos are not used in research because the client has not given consent.
- C. Placebo use is unethical unless they are used in research with the subject's consent.
- D. Placebo use is illegal according to all states and the federal government.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placebo use is ethical in research with informed consent (C), as it ensures transparency. Using placebos to validate pain (A) is unethical, placebos are used in research (B), and they are not illegal (D).
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The nurse has become aware of the following client situations. The nurse should first follow up with which client? A client
- A. with a chest tube that has tidaling in the water seal chamber.
- B. that is receiving mechanical ventilation and is occasionally biting on the tube.
- C. that is receiving albuterol via a nebulizer and reports headache and nervousness.
- D. with pneumonia that has become restless and confused.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restlessness and confusion in pneumonia (D) suggest hypoxia or worsening infection, requiring immediate follow-up to prevent deterioration. Chest tube tidaling (A) is normal, tube biting (B) is concerning but less acute, and albuterol side effects (C) are expected.
The nurse overhears an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) shout at a client, 'you will have to get a feeding tube if you do not start eating more at mealtimes.' The nurse recognizes that the UAP has Select all that apply.
- A. committed battery.
- B. engaged in unprofessional conduct.
- C. committed assault.
- D. been negligent.
- E. demonstrated libel.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: Shouting and threatening a feeding tube (B, C) constitutes unprofessional conduct (B) and assault (C), a verbal threat of harm. Battery (A) requires physical contact, negligence (D) involves failure of duty, and libel (E) is written defamation, none of which apply.
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected sepsis. After reviewing the client's vital signs, which prescription by the primary healthcare provider (PHCP) should the nurse administer first? See the images below.
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Doxycycline
- C. Acetaminophen
- D. 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) bolus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This client is in shock. A blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg is clinical hypotension combined with the client's tachycardia. The client needs immediate fluid volume resuscitation to prevent further clinical decline. Sepsis is a medical emergency, and the client will require prompt antibiotics. Still, it will not prioritize treating the client's hypovolemia which is the immediate concern illustrated by the low blood pressure.
The following scenario applies to the next 1 items
The charge nurse in the medical-surgical unit is preparing the assignment for the next shift.
• Client One
• 63-year-old male admitted three days ago for community-acquired pneumonia.
• Intravenous (IV) antibiotics stopped and were switched to oral. Plan is for discharge in one day. Family is at the bedside.
• Current medications: azithromycin, levofloxacin, warfarin, atorvastatin, acetaminophen, and albuterol via nebulizer.
• Medical history: mitral valve replacement, venous thromboembolism, and hyperlipidemia.
• Vital signs: T 101° F (39.7° C), P 72, RR 18, BP 130/86, pulse oximetry reading 95% on room air.
• Client Two
• 55-year-old female admitted two days ago with aplastic anemia.
• Received two units of packed red blood cells yesterday.
• Client is scheduled to receive two units of platelets. She developed epistaxis and vaginal bleeding in the last hour.
• Current medications: multivitamin and lisinopril.
• Medical history: aplastic anemia and hypertension.
• Vital signs: T 98.6° F (37° C), P 88, RR 15, BP 111/76, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air.
• Client Three
• 23-year-old male admitted four days ago with chest trauma caused by a stab wound.
• Transferred to the medical-surgical unit yesterday. Chest tube was discontinued yesterday.
• Client is to ambulate every four hours (while awake). Has constipation and needs an enema.
• Current medications: oxycodone-acetaminophen, docusate, and regular insulin sliding scale.
• Medical history: diabetes mellitus (type one).
• Vital signs: T 98° F (36.4° C), P 80, RR 16, BP 119/86, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air.
• Client Four
• 52-year-old female admitted two hours ago following total abdominal hysterectomy.
• Occasional nausea. Hypoactive bowel sounds in all quadrants. Has an indwelling urinary catheter connected to drainage bag.
• Current medications: hydrocodone-acetaminophen, docusate, and ondansetron.
• Medical history: cervical cancer.
• Vital signs: T 98° F (36.4° C), P 70, RR 16, BP 125/88, pulse oximetry reading 95% on room air
• Client Five
• 45-year-old male admitted four hours ago with new onset atrial fibrillation.
• Irregular pulse. Had two episodes of syncope in the emergency department.
• Current medications: continuous infusion of diltiazem.
• Medical history: hypertension and congestive heart failure.
• Vital signs: T 98° F (36.4° C), P 101, RR 19, BP 137/90, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air
• Client Six
• 77-year-old male admitted one day ago with cystitis.
• Receives medications and feedings through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Requires daily dressing changes for sacral pressure ulcer.
• Current medications: citalopram, esomeprazole, atenolol, ciprofloxacin.
• Medical history: hypertension, anxiety, acid reflux.
• Vital signs: T 98.2° F (36.8° C), P 82, RR 15, BP 133/88, pulse oximetry reading 95% on room air
• Client Seven
• 72-year-old female admitted two days ago with cystitis and improving altered mental status.
• Receiving intermittent intravenous piggyback antibiotics.
• Current medications: rivaroxaban, diltiazem, and captopril.
• Medical history: atrial fibrillation and hypertension.
• Vital signs: T 98.9° F (37.2° C), P 67, RR 16, BP 143/85, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air
The charge nurse is determining which client should be assigned to the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN) or registered nurse (RN).Click to specify if the client should be assigned to the LPN/VN or RN.
- A. Client One
- B. Client Two
- C. Client Three
- D. Client Four
- E. Client Five
- F. Client Six
- G. Client Seven
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Client One
This client is stable, with IV antibiotics discontinued and switched to oral. The LPN can manage routine medication administration, monitor for any signs of infection recurrence, and provide discharge education under the supervision of an RN.
Client Three
The client is stable and primarily requires routine care, such as scheduled ambulation and assistance with bowel management (enema administration). The LPN is qualified to administer medications and monitor for any changes in respiratory status following chest trauma.
Client Six
This client is stable and requires PEG tube feedings, medication administration, and daily dressing changes for a sacral pressure ulcer. These tasks fall within the LPN’s scope of practice, as long as the RN remains available for more complex assessments if needed.
Client Seven
The client is showing improvement, is hemodynamically stable, and requires intermittent IV piggyback antibiotics. LPNs are trained to administer IV piggyback medications and monitor for adverse effects. Routine vital sign monitoring and medication administration are appropriate for LPN delegation.
Clients that should be assigned to the RN
Client Two
This client presents an increased risk of hemodynamic instability due to new-onset bleeding (epistaxis and vaginal bleeding), requiring close assessment and intervention. The RN is needed to evaluate the severity of bleeding, administer platelet transfusions, and monitor for transfusion reactions or worsening anemia.
Client Four
Postoperative clients are at risk for complications such as hemorrhage, infection, and ileus. The RN is required to perform a comprehensive assessment, evaluate bowel function, manage nausea, and ensure the catheter remains patent without signs of infection.
Client Five
This client is on continuous IV diltiazem, which requires ongoing cardiac monitoring and dosage adjustments based on response. The client’s history of syncope raises concerns for hemodynamic instability, which necessitates RN oversight for timely intervention if deterioration occurs.
The nurse has care of the following client situations under their care. The nurse should first assess which client?
- A. A client with chronic pulmonary obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who is using pursed-lip breathing and reports a productive positive cough.
- B. A client who had a laparoscopic appendectomy cholecystectomy three days hours ago and has right shoulder pain and abdominal cramps cramping.
- C. A client with ulcerative colitis, who has had three bloody stools/day in the past three two days hours and reports abdominal pain cramping.
- D. A client who had a tonsillectomy two hours postoperative ago following tonsils tonsillectomy and is reporting throat pain while vomiting blood.
Correct Answer: D,C
Rationale: Vomiting blood post-tonsillectomy (C) suggests hemorrhage, a life-threatening surgical emergency requiring immediate assessment. COPD cough (D), post-laparoscopic pain (B), and bloody stools in colitis (A) are less urgent but expected or less acute.