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Which statement accurately describes communication?
- A. The components of communication are mutually exclusive.
- B. Communication is linear.
- C. Communication involves only the sender and the receiver; everything else is superficial.
- D. When the receiver becomes the sender, the subcomponent of communication that is in use is feedback.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because feedback is an essential component of the communication process. Feedback allows the receiver to respond to the sender, indicating understanding or seeking clarification. This two-way interaction is crucial for effective communication. In contrast, choice A is incorrect as communication components are interdependent, not mutually exclusive. Choice B is also incorrect as communication is often non-linear and involves feedback loops. Choice C is incorrect because communication involves various elements beyond just the sender and the receiver, such as context, message, and noise.
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When an RN is asked to accept an assignment that he or she may not be qualified to perform, the nurse should:
- A. accept the assignment as appropriate if assigned by a legitimate power.
- B. be primarily concerned with the number of patients being assigned.
- C. ask how other nurses have handled the assignment in the past.
- D. determine whether he or she is familiar with the types of patients being assigned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer D is correct:
1. Ensures patient safety: RN should only accept assignments they are qualified for to provide safe care.
2. Upholds professional standards: Accepting only familiar assignments aligns with nursing scope of practice.
3. Legal and ethical responsibility: RN must prioritize patient well-being over external pressures.
4. Promotes personal growth: RN can seek additional training for unfamiliar assignments.
Summary:
- A: Incorrect. Accepting based on power dynamics disregards patient safety and professional ethics.
- B: Incorrect. Patient safety should be the primary concern over workload.
- C: Incorrect. Past handling may not guarantee appropriateness. Focus should be on personal qualification.
A nurse is assigned to a unit where 95% of all patients required total care. Most days the assistive personnel are able to complete their assignments and provide high-quality care. A patient returning from a procedure was somehow "skipped" when daily baths were performed and requests that her care now be provided. The nurse discovers the bed is rumpled and damp. The RN joins with some other staff to bathe the patient, change the bed, and help make the patient comfortable. These staff members are demonstrating:
- A. altruism.
- B. veracity.
- C. autonomy.
- D. whistle-blowing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: altruism. Altruism is the selfless concern for the wellbeing of others, which is demonstrated by the staff members helping the patient in need without hesitation. In this scenario, the staff members are putting the patient's needs above their own, showing compassion and empathy. This aligns with the principle of altruism in nursing, where caregivers prioritize the welfare of their patients.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty. While these are important traits in nursing, they are not the focus of the staff members' actions in this scenario.
C: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make decisions about their own care. In this situation, the patient is not exercising autonomy, but rather relying on the staff for assistance.
D: Whistle-blowing involves reporting unethical or illegal behavior within an organization. There is no indication of any wrongdoing that would require whistle-blowing in this scenario.
A nurse manager has calculated that providing 75 hours of direct nursing care per day requires that 120 hours must actually be worked by nursing staff. The manager is involved in: (select all that apply)
- A. developing the capital budget.
- B. applying productivity metric.
- C. monitoring the labor budget.
- D. incremental budgeting processes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: applying productivity metric. The nurse manager is calculating the ratio of direct nursing care hours to total hours worked, which is a productivity metric. This metric helps assess the efficiency of the nursing staff in delivering care. Developing the capital budget (A) involves planning for long-term investments, not daily staffing calculations. Monitoring the labor budget (C) involves tracking expenses related to staff salaries and benefits, but not necessarily productivity metrics. Incremental budgeting processes (D) refer to budgeting based on past budgets with incremental changes, not specific productivity metrics. Therefore, the nurse manager is primarily involved in applying a productivity metric to assess nursing staff efficiency.
An interdisciplinary team is evaluating the hospital's care of patients admitted with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) compared to national standards. The team analyzes the hospital's clinical indicator, which would be: (select all that apply)
- A. aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge.
- B. patient teaching related to stopping smoking completed prior to discharge.
- C. beta blocker administered upon arrival.
- D. support of employer to modify stress in workplace.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge. This is a key clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients as aspirin is a standard treatment to prevent further cardiac events. It is crucial for patient safety and adherence to national guidelines.
Choice B is incorrect as patient teaching on smoking cessation, although important, is not a direct clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients.
Choice C is incorrect as beta blocker administration upon arrival is important for heart attack patients, but it is not specific to evaluating the hospital's care compared to national standards.
Choice D is incorrect as employer support for stress modification is not a clinical indicator relevant to evaluating care of heart attack patients.
A new graduate secures the first interview and wants to work where cultural diversity is appreciated. The applicant feels that accepting this interview was the right choice when the recruiter states, "We do not discriminate based on sex, race, or age and practice inclusiveness of diversity." Which question would reflect this statement?
- A. "Nurses must work a master schedule where one month is Monday through Friday and the next month is the weekend shift. What is your religious belief about working on Sunday?"
- B. "We offer many benefits for employees such as educational benefits and health insurance."
- C. "Our mission is to provide patient-centered care that reflects the belief of the patient and family with an aim to win them over to Western medicine and less superstition, don't you agree?"
- D. "Do you have any issues with working with patients who are from a disadvantaged background because we have many people who refuse to work then want free care?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it focuses on the benefits offered to employees, which aligns with the recruiter's statement about inclusiveness and non-discrimination. Asking about educational benefits and health insurance shows that the organization values its employees' well-being and development regardless of their background.
Choice A is incorrect because it is discriminatory to ask about religious beliefs related to work schedules. Choice C is incorrect because it promotes a biased perspective on patient care and cultural beliefs. Choice D is incorrect as it implies a negative stereotype about patients from disadvantaged backgrounds, which goes against the principles of inclusivity and non-discrimination stated by the recruiter.