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Which statement by a nurse indicates a good understanding about the differences between data validation and data interpretation?
- A. “Data interpretation occurs before data validation.”
- B. “Validation involves looking for patterns in professional standards.”
- C. “Validation involves comparing data with other sources for accuracy.”
- D. “Data interpretation involves discovering patterns in professional standards.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because data validation involves verifying the accuracy and consistency of data by comparing it with other reliable sources. This ensures that the data is correct and reliable for analysis. Choice A is incorrect because data validation typically occurs after data collection, which is followed by data interpretation. Choice B is incorrect because validation is not about professional standards but about verifying data accuracy. Choice D is incorrect because data interpretation focuses on deriving meaning and insights from data, not on professional standards. In summary, understanding the differences between data validation and interpretation is crucial for ensuring data accuracy and reliability.
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Which of the ff is the most important factor in the nursing management of a client with CFS?
- A. Teaching the client how to avoid aggravating the disease
- B. Informing the client about the drug therapy that will provide significant improvement
- C. Advising the client to alter the diet and environment
- D. Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because educating the client about the disease process and its limitations is crucial in managing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). By understanding the disease, the client can make informed decisions regarding their lifestyle, activities, and self-care. This empowers the client to manage symptoms effectively and prevent exacerbations.
Choice A is not the most important factor as simply avoiding aggravating the disease does not address the overall management of CFS.
Choice B focuses solely on drug therapy, which is only one aspect of the client's management and may not provide significant improvement for all clients with CFS.
Choice C, altering diet and environment, can be helpful but may not be the most important factor as understanding the disease process and limitations is essential for long-term management and quality of life.
The following data collection findings could indicate to the nurse that the patient has a hearing loss, EXCEPT:
- A. Patient’s face is relaxed during conversation.
- B. Patient speaks in a very loud voice.
- C. Patient turns toward person speaking.
- D. Patient is withdrawn.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A relaxed face during conversation typically does not indicate a hearing loss, as the patient is likely able to hear and understand. B, speaking loudly, is a common sign of hearing loss. C, turning towards the speaker, suggests an effort to hear better. D, being withdrawn, could indicate difficulty in communication due to hearing loss. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it does not align with typical signs of hearing loss.
A new nurse writes the following nursing diagnoses on a patient’s care plan. Which nursing diagnosis will cause the nurse manager to intervene?
- A. Wandering
- B. Hemorrhage NursingStoreRN
- C. Urinary retention
- D. Impaired swallowing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemorrhage. The nurse manager would intervene because hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention. Wandering (A), urinary retention (C), and impaired swallowing (D) are important assessments but do not pose the same level of immediate risk as hemorrhage. The nurse manager would prioritize addressing the hemorrhage to ensure the patient's safety and well-being.
During a routine checkup, the nurse assesses a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is the common AIDS-related cancer?
- A. Squamous cell carcinoma
- B. Leukemia
- C. Multiple myeloma
- D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kaposi’s sarcoma. This is a common AIDS-related cancer caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in immunosuppressed individuals. It presents as purplish lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Squamous cell carcinoma (A) is not specific to AIDS. Leukemia (B) and Multiple myeloma (C) are not commonly associated with AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma is the hallmark cancer seen in AIDS patients due to their weakened immune system.
Decreasing level of consciousness is a symptom of which of the following physiological phenomena?
- A. Increased ICP
- B. Parasympathetic response
- C. Sympathetic response
- D. Increased cerebral blood flow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased ICP. Decreasing level of consciousness is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to the compression of the brain. As ICP rises, it impairs cerebral perfusion leading to altered mental status. Parasympathetic response (B) and sympathetic response (C) are related to autonomic nervous system functions, not consciousness. Increased cerebral blood flow (D) might lead to conditions like hyperemia but does not directly cause a decreased level of consciousness.