Nokea
Which statement by the mother of a child with rheumatic fever (RF) indicates that she has an understanding of prevention for her other children?
- A. “Whenever one of them gets a sore throat, I will give that child an antibiotic.â€
- B. “There is no treatment since it is viral and must run its course.â€
- C. “If their culture is positive for group A streptococcus, I will give them a full course of their antibiotic.â€
- D. “If their culture is positive for staphylococcus A, I will give them a full course of their antibiotic.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive culture for group A streptococcus indicates a bacterial infection that requires a full course of antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever, which can develop as a complication of untreated strep throat.
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A male client in skeletal traction tells the nurse that he is frustrated because he needs help repositioning himself in bed. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Provide an overhead trapeze to the bed for the client to use
- B. Assist the client with repositioning every hour to prevent discomfort.
- C. Encourage the client to use a bedpan instead of getting up to the bathroom.
- D. Offer additional pain medication to help the client relax.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An overhead trapeze allows the client to reposition independently, promoting autonomy and reducing frustration.
Distal renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Is characterised by hypokalaemia
- B. May be primary or secondary
- C. Presents with growth failure in infancy
- D. Urinary pH is usually < 5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can be either primary (inherited) or secondary (acquired due to other conditions), affecting acid excretion in the distal tubule.
Among the following Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus has the highest resistance to
- A. Cephalexin
- B. Clindamycin
- C. Erythromycin
- D. Doxycycline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus has shown the highest resistance to erythromycin.
The following statements are true regarding a screening test:
- A. Sensitivity indicates the proportion of true positives
- B. Specificity indicates the proportion of true negatives
- C. Sensitivity is inversely related to specificity
- D. Prevalence affects predictive value
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prevalence affects predictive value
The pH of urine:
- A. Is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of blood
- B. Rises on a vegetarian diet
- C. Is determined by the concentration of ammonium
- D. Is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine pH reflects blood acid/base balance. A vegetarian diet typically raises urine pH, and renal tubular acidosis causes a higher pH, not lower.