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Which statement correctly exemplifies a critical cultural perspective?
- A. Culture is a relational aspect of people that shifts and changes over time.
- B. Culture assumes that people act in similar ways in all circumstances.
- C. Culture is most clearly reflected in a person's language and behaviour.
- D. Culture adapts to specific environmental factors and available natural resources.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A):
1. A critical cultural perspective recognizes that culture is dynamic and contextual.
2. It acknowledges that culture is not static but evolves over time.
3. Understanding culture as relational highlights the interconnectedness of people and their environment.
4. This perspective emphasizes the importance of considering historical, social, and political factors in analyzing culture.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: This choice assumes cultural homogeneity, which does not account for diversity and variation within cultures.
C: While language and behavior are aspects of culture, they do not encompass the entirety of cultural expressions.
D: This choice oversimplifies culture by suggesting it is solely influenced by environmental factors, neglecting social and historical dimensions.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is experiencing symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. The nurse should educate the patient to prioritize which of the following?
- A. Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury.
- B. Exercising to improve circulation.
- C. Eating more protein-rich foods.
- D. Using tight-fitting shoes to prevent blisters.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury. This is crucial for patients with diabetic neuropathy to prevent complications like foot ulcers. Daily foot inspections can catch any signs of injury early, allowing for prompt treatment. It helps in preventing infections and serious complications.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Exercising to improve circulation - While exercise is beneficial for overall health, it may not directly address the risk of injury due to neuropathy.
C: Eating more protein-rich foods - While a balanced diet is important for managing diabetes, protein-rich foods do not specifically address the risk of foot injuries in diabetic neuropathy.
D: Using tight-fitting shoes to prevent blisters - Tight-fitting shoes can actually increase the risk of blisters and injuries, especially in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Which of the following is the best choice for an opening statement with a patient who is in distress?
- A. "Nancy, my name is Mrs. C."
- B. "Hello, Mrs. H., my name is Mrs. C. It sure is cold today!"
- C. "Mrs. H., my name is Mrs. C. I'll need to ask you a few questions about what happened."
- D. "Mrs. H., my name is Mrs. C. I'll need to ask you a few questions about what happened."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it directly acknowledges the patient's distress and sets the stage for gathering essential information. By stating the need to ask questions about what happened, it shows empathy and readiness to provide help. Choice A is too formal and lacks empathy. Choice B shifts the focus away from the patient's distress. Choice C is similar to D but lacks the crucial element of acknowledging the patient's emotional state. Thus, D is the best choice for an opening statement in this scenario.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a hip replacement. The nurse should educate the patient to avoid which of the following to prevent hip dislocation?
- A. Crossing the legs at the knees.
- B. Sitting with the feet flat on the floor.
- C. Sleeping on the affected side.
- D. Using assistive devices for ambulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crossing the legs at the knees. This position can cause hip dislocation due to the twisting motion it creates on the hip joint. When the legs are crossed at the knees, it puts stress on the hip joint, potentially leading to dislocation.
Choice B: Sitting with the feet flat on the floor is a safe position that does not put undue stress on the hip joint.
Choice C: Sleeping on the affected side can also increase the risk of hip dislocation due to the pressure and weight placed on the hip joint in this position.
Choice D: Using assistive devices for ambulation is important for stability and support, and it does not directly contribute to hip dislocation if used correctly.
A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary modifications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I should limit my sodium intake and increase my potassium intake.
- B. I should avoid eating foods high in potassium.
- C. I can eat as much protein as I want.
- D. I should drink fluids freely without restriction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
B is correct because patients with CKD often have difficulty excreting potassium, so limiting high potassium foods is crucial to prevent hyperkalemia. A is incorrect because increasing potassium intake is not recommended. C is incorrect as excessive protein intake can worsen kidney function. D is incorrect because CKD patients typically have fluid restrictions to prevent fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances.
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following signs of an exacerbation?
- A. Increased sputum production.
- B. Decreased respiratory rate.
- C. Low blood pressure.
- D. High fever.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1. Increased sputum production is a sign of COPD exacerbation due to worsening inflammation and mucus production.
2. Decreased respiratory rate is not typical in COPD exacerbation as patients often experience increased respiratory effort.
3. Low blood pressure is not a common sign of COPD exacerbation and is more likely related to other conditions or medications.
4. High fever is not a typical sign of COPD exacerbation and could indicate an infection or other underlying issue.