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Which statement is a fact about greenhouses?
- A. Greenhouses create tropical conditions at nurseries.
- B. Greenhouses are only used for growing rare plants.
- C. Greenhouses are a waste of resources and are never used in nurseries.
- D. Greenhouses make all plants grow faster without any exceptions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greenhouses are structures designed to create specific environmental conditions suitable for plant growth, including mimicking tropical conditions in nurseries. This makes choice A a factual statement about greenhouses. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they present inaccurate or overly generalized claims about the purpose and effectiveness of greenhouses.
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Homophones
English is a vibrant, changing, dynamic language. It allows people to express their thoughts in diverse ways, as there are many synonyms and antonyms to choose from. The hardest part for the English speaker - or those learning English as a second language - is learning about homonyms. These are words that sound alike but are spelled different ways, with different meanings.
One example is "One". This word, spelled "one" means the numeral 1, an amount. If spelled "won," it means to be victorious. No wonder spelling is a difficult skill to master! Other homonyms encountered by the beginning English speaker are "to, two, too," "four, for, fore," "there, their, they're" and "son, sun" to name just a few. This is one reason that "Spell check" programs on word processing computers cannot be completely accurate, because the way a word is spelled depends on the context of the sentence. Proofreaders will always be in demand.
What inference can be drawn from the article?
- A. English is an easy language to learn.
- B. English grammar rules are universal and straightforward.
- C. English is a difficult language to master.
- D. English vocabulary is consistent and predictable.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct inference that can be drawn from the article is that English is a difficult language to master. The article discusses the challenges English speakers and learners face with homonyms, words that sound alike but are spelled differently with different meanings. It emphasizes the complexity of mastering English spelling and the presence of homonyms like 'one' and 'won,' 'to, two, too,' 'four, for, fore,' 'there, their, they're,' and 'son, sun.' This complexity is highlighted as a reason why spelling can be challenging to master, leading to the conclusion that English is a difficult language to learn and master.
Have you ever found yourself staring at the ceiling at 2:00 a.m.? Have you kicked the blankets off to the floor from tossing and turning? Many longtime suffers of Insomnia know these situations all too well. As many as 17% of Americans find the restful break of sleep hard to achieve.
Lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities at work or school by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration which in turn creates a feeling of irritation or depression. Chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, a psychiatric condition, or from sleep apnea, a condition where an individual actually stops breathing during sleep. Sleep hygiene, developing good sleep habits, and non- pharmacological therapies such as herbs and spices are some solutions to Insomnia.
What is a solution to insomnia?
- A. Developing good sleep habits and using herbs and spices.
- B. Increasing caffeine intake.
- C. Watching television before bed.
- D. Taking frequent naps during the day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Developing good sleep habits, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and ensuring a comfortable sleep environment, along with using herbs and spices like chamomile or lavender, can help in managing insomnia. These strategies promote better sleep quality, aid in falling asleep faster, and staying asleep longer by relaxing the mind and body before sleep.
The Rainforest: The Amazon River Basin is home to the largest rainforest on Earth. The basin—roughly the size of the forty-eight contiguous United States—covers some 40% of the South American continent, and portions of eight countries. The basin is drained by the Amazon River, the world’s largest river in terms of discharge, and the second longest river in the world after the Nile.
Since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (232,000 square miles) of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. This deforestation is mainly due to land clearing for pastureland by commercial and speculative interests, misguided government policies, and commercial exploitation of forest resources.
Deforestation of the rainforest has long-term implications. The loss of habitat for many creatures ensures their extinction. The loss of vegetation depletes the oxygen in the atmosphere, which some say causes global warming.
What statement is implied by the paragraph?
- A. Much needed pasture and farmland can be obtained by clearing the land.
- B. People should leave the rainforest alone to evolve.
- C. Deforestation has long-term consequences we still do not know about.
- D. Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest is a consequence of progress.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deforestation has long-term consequences we still do not know about.
Rationale:
1. The paragraph discusses the destruction of the Amazon rainforest and highlights the long-term implications of deforestation.
2. It mentions the loss of habitat for creatures leading to extinction and the depletion of oxygen causing global warming.
3. The statement implies that there are ongoing and potentially unknown consequences of deforestation.
4. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the immediate benefits of clearing land for pasture, ignoring the long-term consequences discussed.
5. Choice B is too simplistic and does not address the complexity of the issue as presented in the paragraph.
6. Choice D is also incorrect as it oversimplifies the issue by associating deforestation solely with progress without considering the negative impacts discussed.
Blood Pressure.The heart produces a characteristic "lub-dub" sound, which results from the rapid contraction and relaxation of its chambers. Each contraction, known as ventricular contraction, ejects approximately 70 mL of blood into the vascular system, which varies in volume and pressure. Blood pressure specifically refers to the pressure within the arterial system, commonly measured at the brachial artery in the arm, as pressure levels can differ at various points along the circulatory pathway. Essentially, blood pressure is the force exerted by blood in all directions within a specific area, driving the flow of blood from the heart, throughout the body, and back again. It is typically expressed as a ratio of systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure, or the "high peak" pressure, occurs when the ventricles contract and push blood into the arteries, while diastolic pressure, or the "low peak" pressure, is the pressure in the arteries just before the next contraction. An increase in blood pressure may arise if arterial walls lose some elasticity due to aging or disease.
Which of the following statements is not supported by the passage?
- A. Ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into the vascular system.
- B. Blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery of the arm.
- C. Blood pressure is usually represented as a ratio of systolic pressure to diastolic pressure.
- D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The passage states that an increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some of their elasticity due to age or disease, not necessarily always by disease. Therefore, the statement that loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease is not supported by the passage. Choices A, B, and C are all facts supported by the information provided in the passage.
The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.
Which literary genre best describes this passage?
- A. Narrative nonfiction.
- B. Essay.
- C. Realistic fiction.
- D. Speech.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage describes the water cycle in a factual and informative manner, making it an essay. It presents scientific concepts clearly without storytelling elements or fictional narratives, which distinguishes it from narrative nonfiction or realistic fiction. Additionally, the passage does not aim to persuade or motivate an audience, as would be characteristic of a speech.