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Which statement is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?
- A. Medical abortions are performed only for maternal health.
- B. They can be achieved through surgical procedures or with drugs.
- C. Medical abortions are mostly performed in the second trimester.
- D. They can be either elective or therapeutic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical abortions can be either elective (the woman's choice) or therapeutic (for maternal or fetal health). They are typically performed in the first trimester using medication.
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Which statement regarding chromosomal abnormalities is most accurate?
- A. Chromosomal abnormalities occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
- B. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
- C. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosomal structure.
- D. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aneuploidy is an abnormality of number that is also the leading genetic cause of mental retardation. Chromosomal abnormalities occur in fewer than 1% of newborns. Down syndrome is the most common form of a trisomal abnormality, an abnormality of chromosome number (47 chromosomes). Unbalanced translocation is an abnormality of chromosomal structure that often has serious clinical effects.
The nurse is assessing a 42-year-old patient who presents to the gynecology office with complaints of pelvic pressure, backaches, menorrhagia, and urinary frequency. The health care provider has diagnosed the patient with leiomyoma of the uterus. What are the treatment options for this condition? Select all that apply.
- A. Routine pelvic examinations to assess rate of disease process
- B. Oral contraceptives to control the bleeding and pain
- C. Myomectomy for women who desire pregnancy
- D. Hysterectomy for women who do not desire pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Oral contraceptives are a common treatment option for leiomyoma of the uterus to help control the bleeding and pain associated with the condition.
A nurse is assessing a newborn whose mother had gestational diabetes. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
- A. Hypertonia
- B. Jitteriness
- C. Acrocyanosis
- D. Generalized petechiae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jitteriness is a common sign of neonatal hypoglycemia and should be addressed promptly.
A couple asks the nurse about the procedure for surrogate parenting. Which correct responses should the nurse provide for this couple? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Donated embryos can be implanted into the surrogate mother.
- B. The surrogate mother needs to have carried one previous birth to term.
- C. You both need to be infertile to be eligible for surrogate parenting.
- D. Conception can take place outside the surrogate mother’s body and then implanted.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Donated embryos can be implanted into the surrogate mother: This is a common method in surrogate parenting where embryos from either the intended parents or donors are implanted into the surrogate mother's uterus.
The nurse is interviewing a patient who is 6-weeks pregnant. The patient asks the nurse, “Why is elective abortion considered such an ethical issue?” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? N R I G B.C M
- A. Abortion requires third-parUty cSonseNnt. T O
- B. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that life begins at conception.
- C. Abortion law is unclear about a woman’s constitutional rights.
- D. There is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is that there is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus when discussing elective abortion as an ethical issue. This response highlights the ethical dilemma involved in abortion, where one must consider the rights and autonomy of the pregnant woman as well as the potential rights of the fetus. Ethical debates often revolve around balancing these conflicting rights and interests, making elective abortion a complex and sensitive issue. It acknowledges the ethical implications of abortion without making definitive statements or legal references like the other options.