Nokea
Which statement is true about gonorrhea?
- A. It is caused by Treponema pallidum.
- B. Treatment is by multidose administration of penicillin.
- C. Treatment is by topical applications to lesions.
- D. Treatment of all sexual contacts is an essential part of treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is a combination of antibiotics. Currently, multidose administration of antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin is often used due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Treatment by topical applications to lesions is not effective in treating systemic infections like gonorrhea. Treating all sexual contacts is an essential part of the management of gonorrhea to prevent reinfection and further transmission of the infection.
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Mr. Dela Isla said he cannot comprehend what the nurse was saying. He suffers from:
- A. Insomnia
- B. Agnosia
- C. Aphraxia
- D. Aphasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to understand and/or produce language. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's inability to comprehend what the nurse was saying suggests a possible impairment in his language comprehension abilities, pointing towards aphasia as the most likely condition. Symptoms of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but the common feature is difficulty with language tasks such as speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, agnosia is a sensory perception disorder, and apraxia involves difficulty with performing purposeful movements.
A patient asks the nurse what her diagnosis of heart failure means. Which of the ff. is the nurse's best response?
- A. "Your heart briefly stops."
- B. "Your heart has an area of muscle that is dead."
- C. "Your heart is pumping to much blood."
- D. "Your heart is not an efficient pump."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's best response is D, "Your heart is not an efficient pump." Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to a decrease in the heart's ability to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. This can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. It is important for the patient to understand that heart failure does not mean the heart stops or has an area of dead muscle, but rather it is a condition where the heart is not able to function properly as a pump.
The nurse must assess a 10-month-old infant. The infant is sitting on the father's lap and appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial action by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Initiate a game of peek-a-boo.
- B. Ask father to place the infant on the examination table.
- C. Undress the infant while he is still sitting on his father's lap.
- D. Talk softly to the infant while taking him from his father.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Talking softly to the infant while taking him from his father would be the most appropriate initial action by the nurse in this situation. This approach allows the nurse to maintain communication with the infant to provide comfort and minimize fear or anxiety. By using a gentle tone and reassuring words, the nurse can help establish a sense of safety for the infant as he is transitioned from his father's lap to the examination table. This gradual and supportive approach is likely to facilitate a smoother assessment process and help build trust with the infant and the family.
The nurse is aware that the most common assessment finding in a child with ulcerative colitis is:
- A. Intense abdominal cramps
- B. Profuse diarrhea
- C. Anal fissures
- D. Abdominal distention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Profuse diarrhea is the most common assessment finding in a child with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms such as frequent and urgent bowel movements, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. The diarrhea in ulcerative colitis is typically watery and can be very severe, often leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Intense abdominal cramps, anal fissures, and abdominal distention can also be present in ulcerative colitis, but profuse diarrhea is the hallmark symptom that is commonly seen in affected children.
A previously "potty-trained" 30-month-old child has reverted to wearing diapers while hospitalized. The nurse should reassure the parents that this is normal because of which reason?
- A. Regression is seen during hospitalization.
- B. Developmental delays occur because of the hospitalization.
- C. The child is experiencing urinary urgency because of hospitalization.
- D. The child was too young to be "potty-trained."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regression in toilet training is a common behavior seen in young children, especially during times of stress or change, such as hospitalization. The child may revert to familiar behaviors, such as wearing diapers, as a way of seeking comfort and security during a stressful experience like being in the hospital. It is important for the nurse to reassure the parents that this regression is temporary and normal under the circumstances. By providing support and understanding, the child will likely return to their previous toilet training habits once they are back in their usual environment.