Nokea
Which statement is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States?
- A. There are a larger proportion of younger nurses in the workforce as compared with older nurses.
- B. As a result of decreased RN-to-patient ratios, there is a decrease in patient mortality in the clinical setting.
- C. Nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants.
- D. There are adequate classroom and clinical facilities for training RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States. Despite the growing demand for healthcare services and the critical need for more nurses, nursing schools across the country face challenges in accepting all qualified applicants due to a shortage of nursing faculty, limited clinical space, and budget constraints. This bottleneck in nursing education and training contributes to the shortage of nurses in the workforce. As a result, many potential nursing students who are qualified and interested in pursuing a career in nursing are being turned away from programs, exacerbating the shortage.
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A woman is 16 weeks pregnant and has elected to terminate her pregnancy. Which is the most common technique used for the termination of a pregnancy in the second trimester?
- A. Dilation and evacuation (D&E)
- B. Methotrexate administration
- C. Prostaglandin administration
- D. Vacuum aspiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dilation and evacuation (D&E) is the most common method used for termination in the second trimester, typically performed between 13 and 16 weeks.
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
Many communities now offer the availability of free-standing birth centers to provide care for low-risk women during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. When counseling the newly pregnant patient regarding this option, the nurse should be aware that this type of care setting includes which advantages? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Staffing by lay midwives
- B. Equipped for obstetric emergencies
- C. Less expensive than acute care hospitals
- D. Safe, homelike births in a familiar setting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B. Equipped for obstetric emergencies: Free-standing birth centers are equipped to handle any obstetric emergencies that may arise during labor and birth. They have the necessary equipment and trained staff to respond quickly and effectively to emergencies to ensure the safety of both the mother and baby.
Which laboratory testing is used to detect the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
- A. HIV screening
- B. HIV antibody testing
- C. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts
- D. Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) counts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HIV antibody tests confirm the presence of the virus.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as excessive uterine bleeding without a demonstrable cause. Which statement regarding this condition is most accurate?
- A. DUB is most commonly caused by anovulation
- B. DUB most often occurs in middle age
- C. The diagnosis of DUB should be the first consideration for abnormal menstrual bleeding
- D. Steroids are the most effective medical treatment for DUB
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anovulation is the most common cause of DUB especially in women at the beginning or end of their reproductive years. Other causes should be ruled out before diagnosing DUB.