Nokea
Which statement most accurately describes substance dependence?
- A. It is a lack of control over use. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms occur when intake is reduced or stopped.
- B. It occurs when psychoactive drug use interferes with the work of competing neurotransmitters.
- C. Symptoms occur when two or more drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS) have additive effects.
- D. It involves taking a combination of substances to weaken or inhibit the effect of another drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Answer A:
1. Substance dependence involves a lack of control over use, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
2. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key indicators of substance dependence when intake is reduced or stopped.
3. These symptoms result from physiological changes in the body due to chronic drug use.
4. The cycle of tolerance and withdrawal reinforces the dependence on the substance.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. Interference with neurotransmitters is more related to the pharmacological effects of drugs, not a defining feature of substance dependence.
C. Additive effects of drugs do not necessarily indicate substance dependence but rather interactions between different substances.
D. Combining substances to weaken effects does not define substance dependence; it is more about the compulsive use and physical dependence on a substance.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on transmission of HIV for a family of a patient diagnosed with HIV. Which explanation by the nurse would be correct?
- A. HIV can be spread by casual contact.'
- B. HIV lives for long periods outside the body.'
- C. HIV is most commonly transmitted via tears and saliva.'
- D. HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, such as during unprotected sexual contact or sharing needles. This is crucial information for preventing transmission. Choice A is incorrect as HIV is not spread through casual contact. Choice B is incorrect because HIV does not live for long periods outside the body. Choice C is incorrect as tears and saliva do not typically transmit HIV. Understanding how HIV is transmitted helps in implementing effective prevention strategies.
There appears to be a power struggle among the members of an outpatient therapeutic support group. Which event that occurred during a session demonstrates a need for the leader to intervene?
- A. Two members consistently engaged in debates that made voting on issues very difficult.
- B. A member abruptly left the group session when his proposal did not gain enough votes to pass.
- C. Three members monopolized the session debating what stress management technique is most helpful.
- D. The decision regarding the admission of late members had to be postponed since no agreement could be reached.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In this scenario, consistent debates hindering decision-making indicate a power struggle. The leader should intervene to facilitate productive discussions and maintain group cohesion. Choice B demonstrates individual frustration, not a group dynamic issue. Choice C shows members monopolizing, but not necessarily a power struggle. Choice D reflects a disagreement, but not a power struggle within the group. Therefore, Choice A is the most critical issue requiring intervention.
Joe, a Native American, goes to the emergency department (ED) because he has an oozing stasis ulcer on his leg. He is accompanied by the tribal shaman, who has been treating Joe on the reservation. As greeting, the physician extends his hand to the shaman, who lightly touches the physician's hand, then quickly moves away. How should the physician interpret this gesture?
- A. The shaman is snubbing the physician.
- B. The shaman is angry at Joe for wanting to go to the ED.
- C. The shaman does not believe in traditional medicine.
- D. The shaman does not feel comfortable with touch.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The shaman's brief touch and quick withdrawal likely reflect cultural discomfort or unfamiliarity with physical touch, common in some Native American cultures, aligning with option d.
Place the following phases of crisis in the correct sequential order. Order each response with a number from first to last, with #1 as the first phase of crisis to #4 which is the fourth phase of crisis. 1. The signs and symptoms of the General Adaptation Syndrome 2. Detachment and disorientation 3. Trying alternative methods of coping 4. The use of psychological ego defense mechanisms
- A. 3,2,1,4
- B. 1,2,3,4
- C. 4,3,2,1
- D. 4,3,1,2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crisis phases (B: 1,2,3,4) follow GAS, detachment, coping attempts, and defense mechanisms.
The nurse demonstrates appropriate Asian-American cultural sensitivity when:
- A. Substituting the word 'sadness' for depression when participating at a health fair at a local Asian-American senior center.
- B. Anticipating that the Asian-American teenager is well educated concerning the dangers of tobacco and marijuana abuse.
- C. Being particularly interested in the older Asian-American's view regarding the role of alcohol in managing stress.
- D. Evaluating the critical thinking skills and short-term recall abilities of the Asian-American female over the age of 70.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because using the term 'sadness' instead of 'depression' shows cultural sensitivity. In many Asian cultures, mental health terms like 'depression' can carry stigma and be taboo. By using a milder term like 'sadness,' the nurse acknowledges and respects the cultural nuances around mental health. This approach can help build trust and rapport with the Asian-American community.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address cultural sensitivity in the same way as choice A. Anticipating an Asian-American teenager's education level or focusing on an older person's views on alcohol and evaluating cognitive abilities do not demonstrate the same level of cultural sensitivity as being mindful of the language used when discussing mental health.