Nokea
Which statement most accurately describes substance dependence?
- A. It is a lack of control over use. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms occur when intake is reduced or stopped.
- B. It occurs when psychoactive drug use interferes with the work of competing neurotransmitters.
- C. Symptoms occur when two or more drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS) have additive effects.
- D. It involves taking a combination of substances to weaken or inhibit the effect of another drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Answer A:
1. Substance dependence involves a lack of control over use, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
2. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key indicators of substance dependence when intake is reduced or stopped.
3. These symptoms result from physiological changes in the body due to chronic drug use.
4. The cycle of tolerance and withdrawal reinforces the dependence on the substance.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. Interference with neurotransmitters is more related to the pharmacological effects of drugs, not a defining feature of substance dependence.
C. Additive effects of drugs do not necessarily indicate substance dependence but rather interactions between different substances.
D. Combining substances to weaken effects does not define substance dependence; it is more about the compulsive use and physical dependence on a substance.
You may also like to solve these questions
The focus of generic crisis intervention is to:
- A. Introduce the nurse as a caring resource to those in crisis.
- B. Assist as many in-crisis individuals as quickly as possible.
- C. Remove the individual in crisis from immediate sources of stress.
- D. Serve as a liaison between the individual in crisis and needed services.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because generic crisis intervention aims to assist as many individuals in crisis as quickly as possible to minimize harm and provide immediate support. This approach focuses on rapidly addressing the crisis and ensuring the safety and well-being of those involved. Introducing the nurse as a caring resource (A) may be part of the intervention process, but it is not the primary focus. Removing the individual from immediate sources of stress (C) may be necessary in some situations but is not always feasible or effective as the first step. Serving as a liaison between the individual and needed services (D) is important, but it is not the primary goal of generic crisis intervention, which prioritizes immediate assistance and support.
An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family. After observing multiple bruises, the home health nurse talked with the daughter, who became defensive and said, My mother often wanders at night. Last night she fell down the stairs. Which nursing diagnosis has priority?
- A. Risk for injury related to poor judgment, cognitive impairments, and inadequate supervision
- B. Wandering related to confusion and disorientation as evidenced by sleepwalking and falls
- C. Chronic confusion related to degenerative changes in brain tissue as evidenced by nighttime wandering
- D. Insomnia related to sleep disruptions associated with cognitive impairment as evidenced by wandering at night
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is at high risk for injury because of her confusion. The risk increases when caregivers are unable to give constant supervision. Insomnia, chronic confusion, and wandering apply to this patient; however, the risk for injury is a higher priority.
Which statement demonstrates an understanding of the value of using rating scales when assessing and documenting client responses?
- A. Documentation is standardized for all depressed clients when you use the depression rating scale.'
- B. The depression rating scale makes tracing a client's response to antidepressant medication much more reliable.'
- C. Clients seem to be able to assign a number to their feelings of depression better than describing them verbally.'
- D. Depressed clients seldom have the energy to adequately respond to an assessment if a depression rating scale isn't used.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because using a rating scale, like the depression rating scale, provides a quantifiable measure of a client's depressive symptoms, allowing for a more objective assessment and tracking of changes over time. It enhances reliability by standardizing the evaluation process and making it easier to monitor the effectiveness of interventions, such as antidepressant medication. This choice highlights the value of rating scales in clinical practice.
Incorrect answers:
A: This choice focuses on standardization of documentation but doesn't directly address the value of using rating scales for assessing client responses.
C: While clients may find it easier to assign a number to their feelings, this does not specifically relate to the benefits of using rating scales in assessment and documentation.
D: This choice makes assumptions about the energy levels of depressed clients and does not address the key point of the question about the value of using rating scales for assessment and documentation.
Counseling is done as part of the work of the teacher
- A. Non-specialist
- B. Informal
- C. Professional
- D. Specialized
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teachers offer non-specialist counseling within their role.
How might the perspectives of financially secure patients with respect to end-of-life care differ from those of disadvantaged patients?
- A. Financially secure patients are more likely to insist that everything be done to keep them alive
- B. Disadvantaged patients may interpret end-of-life care as an attempt to deny essential treatments
- C. Disadvantaged patients are more likely to want to spend their last days outside the hospital
- D. Financially secure patients are more likely to demand placement in assisted living facilities to avoid burdening their families
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disadvantaged patients may distrust end-of-life care due to historical inequities, perceiving it as withheld treatment.