Nokea
Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?
- A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
- B. Proportionate mortality rate
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Swaroop's index
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This statistic reflects the overall health and nutritional status of a population by focusing on a specific age group vulnerable to malnutrition-related issues. It provides a comprehensive view of the impact of nutrition on child health and development. Proportionate mortality rate (B) measures the distribution of causes of death, not specifically related to nutrition. Infant mortality rate (C) focuses on deaths within the first year of life, which may not fully capture the nutritional status of the whole population. Swaroop's index (D) assesses life expectancy and income level, but does not directly measure nutritional status.
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Which vitamin deficiency in the pregnant woman may cause neural tube defects?
- A. Niacin
- B. Riboflavin
- C. Folic Acid
- D. Thiamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic Acid. Folic Acid deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Folic acid is crucial for proper neural tube formation in early pregnancy. Niacin (A), Riboflavin (B), and Thiamine (D) deficiencies do not directly impact neural tube development. Niacin is important for energy production, riboflavin for cell growth and function, and thiamine for nerve function, but they do not specifically affect neural tube closure like folic acid does.
Which of the following demonstrates intersectoral linkages?
- A. Two-way referral system
- B. Team approach
- C. Endorsement by a midwife to another midwife
- D. Cooperation between public health nurse and public school teacher
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it exemplifies intersectoral linkages by showcasing collaboration between different sectors (public health and education). This cooperation enables sharing of resources, expertise, and information to address broader community health needs. Choice A focuses on a single-sector referral system, Choice B emphasizes teamwork within the same sector, and Choice C highlights endorsement within a specific profession, all lacking the cross-sector collaboration seen in Choice D.
Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in using the primary health care approach?
- A. Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families
- B. Local officials are empowered as the major decision-makers in health matters
- C. Health workers can provide care based on identified health needs of the people
- D. Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness.
A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key.
B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach.
C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.
What is the interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women?
- A. 4 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 8 weeks
- D. 12 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.