Nokea
Which step in the chain of infection refers to how a pathogen is transferred or moved from its reservoir to the susceptible host?
- A. Reservoir
- B. Portal of entry
- C. Means of transmission
- D. Susceptible host
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the means of transmission describes how pathogens move from the reservoir to the host.
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A client is vomiting. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Provide the client with an emesis basin
- B. Notify housekeeping
- C. Prevent the client from aspirating
- D. Administer an antiemetic to the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to prevent the client from aspirating. Aspiration is a serious risk when a client is vomiting as it can lead to respiratory complications. The nurse should position the client on their side to prevent aspiration of vomitus into the airway. This immediate action takes priority over providing an emesis basin, notifying housekeeping, or administering an antiemetic, which do not address the urgent need to prevent aspiration.
Paralytic ileus may occur as a postoperative complication. Which of the following patients would you be most concerned about the development of paralytic ileus?
- A. Kim, a 27-year-old postlaparoscopic appendectomy.
- B. Joyce, a 39-year-old post–open right hemicolectomy.
- C. Nancy, a 56-year-old postmediastinoscopy.
- D. John, a 47-year-old post–total joint replacement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paralytic ileus is more common after abdominal surgeries, particularly those involving bowel manipulation, such as an open right hemicolectomy. Joyce is at the highest risk due to the nature of her surgery.
You are reviewing your client's understanding of the post-operative stapedectomy instructions that you gave several days ago. Which comment concerns you the most?
- A. I'm going to take swimming lessons in a couple of months.'
- B. I have to take a long overseas flight in several weeks.'
- C. I can't wait to get back to my regular weightlifting class.'
- D. I have been coughing a lot with my mouth open.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weightlifting can increase intracranial pressure and compromise the surgical site, posing a risk to recovery.
Which of the following is a finding that is most often associated with endometrial cancer?
- A. Thickened endometrial lining on ultrasound
- B. Irregular periods
- C. Young age
- D. Dyspareunia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A thickened endometrial lining on ultrasound is commonly associated with endometrial cancer, indicating abnormal cell growth.
Exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by decreasing
- A. The number of small blood vessels throughout the body
- B. The heart rate and blood pressure
- C. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood
- D. The body’s breathing capacity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure. When we exercise, our heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to a lower resting heart rate and reduced blood pressure. This helps improve circulation and strengthens the cardiovascular system.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The number of small blood vessels throughout the body - Exercise actually promotes the growth of new blood vessels, improving circulation.
C: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood - Exercise can increase HDL levels, which is beneficial for heart health.
D: The body’s breathing capacity - Exercise can improve lung function and increase breathing capacity, but it is not directly related to circulation or cardiovascular fitness.