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Which strategy should the nurse include in a community education program about improving environmental health?
- A. Composting organic matter
- B. Disposing of electronics with household trash
- C. Using rainwater harvesting for drinking water
- D. Keeping windows tightly shut
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using rainwater harvesting for drinking water. This strategy promotes environmental health by reducing water wastage, conserving resources, and minimizing pollution. Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable method that helps in water conservation and reduces the strain on existing water sources. Composting organic matter (A) is beneficial but does not directly relate to improving environmental health in the same way as water conservation. Disposing of electronics with household trash (B) is harmful to the environment due to toxic materials in electronics. Keeping windows tightly shut (D) is not a strategy for improving environmental health and may actually decrease indoor air quality.
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Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?
- A. What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy
- B. Social conditions in which people live and work
- C. Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
- D. Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately defines social determinants of health as what society collectively does to create conditions for health. It emphasizes the importance of societal actions in promoting health outcomes for individuals. Choice B refers to social conditions but does not explicitly mention the collective responsibility of society. Choice C focuses on community health but does not encompass the broader societal role. Choice D is about health information management, not social determinants. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are irrelevant. In summary, A is correct as it highlights the societal efforts in creating a healthy environment, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not fully capture the concept of social determinants of health.
A nurse is coordinating a plan to bring vaccinations in a cost-effective way to a rural community that currently lacks access to them. This is an example of which public health intervention?
- A. Surveillance
- B. Outreach
- C. Screening
- D. Case management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outreach. Outreach involves actively reaching out to provide services to underserved populations, like bringing vaccinations to a rural community without access. Surveillance (A) involves monitoring health data. Screening (C) is identifying individuals at risk. Case management (D) is coordinating care for individuals. In this scenario, Outreach is the best intervention to address the community's lack of access.
Which action will the public health nurse perform when conducting an ethical community study?
- A. Require each participant who provides informed consent to complete the study.
- B. Obtain informed consent only from vulnerable populations.
- C. Get informed consent only if the risks of participating in the study are high.
- D. Obtain informed consent from each participant in the study.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining informed consent from each participant in the study is a fundamental ethical principle in research involving human subjects. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the study, its risks, benefits, and their rights before agreeing to participate. This protects their autonomy and respects their right to make an informed decision about taking part in the study. Requiring each participant to provide informed consent also promotes transparency and trust between researchers and participants. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not uphold the principle of obtaining informed consent from each participant, which is essential for ethical research conduct.
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eightprinciples. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice?
- A. Policy development and individual planning skills
- B. Individual dimensions of practice skills
- C. Financial planning and management skills
- D. Leadership and individual critical thinking skills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Policy development and individual planning skills. This domain is crucial in public health nursing as it involves advocating for policies that promote health and prevent disease within communities. Public health nurses need to understand how policies are developed and implemented to address population health issues effectively. Choices B, C, and D focus on individual aspects of practice and do not capture the population-based perspective of public health nursing. Therefore, they are incorrect.
A school nurse is developing a primary prevention strategy for school-aged children. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely implement?
- A. Developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children
- B. Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs
- C. Monitoring body mass index (BMI) in children to identify elevations before they become difficult to manage
- D. Notifying parents and/or guardians of their child's height–weight scale in comparison with national norms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because drafting policies for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs aligns with primary prevention strategies. This intervention focuses on promoting overall health and preventing health problems before they occur. This approach targets the entire school population rather than individual children, making it a more effective primary prevention strategy.
Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on individualized interventions rather than population-based prevention. Choice C focuses on early detection rather than prevention. Choice D, while involving parents, does not address primary prevention but rather provides information after the fact.