Nokea
Which structure is the uppermost part of the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Liver
- C. Cecum
- D. Sigmoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The alimentary canal begins at the mouth, followed by the esophagus, making the esophagus the uppermost structure listed.
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Kupffer cells, one of the following is not true:
- A. May contain Hemosiderin granules
- B. Motile within liver blood sinusoids
- C. Phagocytic cells present mainly in space of Disse
- D. Form part of the liver sinusoidal wall
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kupffer cells are phagocytic and part of the sinusoidal wall, but they are in the lumen, not the space of Disse.
Obstruction of the common bile duct by gallstones would most likely affect the digestion of:
- A. carbohydrates
- B. fats
- C. proteins
- D. nucleic acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bile is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats. An obstruction in the common bile duct would impair fat digestion.
Choose the answer which lists the correct order of the digestion process.
- A. A, C, D, B
- B. C, D, A, B
- C. C, A, D, B
- D. D, C, A, B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order is: Food is ingested (C), digested (D), nutrients absorbed (A), and undigested food eliminated (B).
Which digestive processes take place in the mouth (buccal) cavity?
- A. chemical digestion
- B. mechanical digestion
- C. dissolving of nutrients
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the mouth, food undergoes mechanical digestion via chewing, chemical digestion through salivary amylase, and dissolving of nutrients.
The part of the stomach that meets the esophagus at the gastroesophageal sphincter is the:
- A. fundus
- B. cardia
- C. pylorus
- D. body
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cardia is the part of the stomach closest to the esophagus.