Nokea
Which substances should the nurse advise the client to avoid?
- A. Aspirin and fiber-containing laxatives
- B. Tobacco products and carbonated beverages
- C. Orange juice and caffeinated drinks
- D. Calcium-enriched dairy products
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tobacco and carbonated beverages reduce bone density, worsening osteoporosis.
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Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for preventing a pathological fracture?
- A. Encouraging a high fluid intake
- B. Providing a nutritional diet
- C. Supporting the limb during movement
- D. Relieving pressure on bony prominences
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Supporting the limb during movement minimizes stress on the necrotic bone, reducing the risk of a pathological fracture in osteomyelitis. Fluid, diet, and pressure relief are less directly preventive.
Which statement made by the family member indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. The hand should be elevated higher than the elbow.
- B. The knot should be tied at the back of the neck.
- C. The elbow should be flexed within the sling.
- D. The sling is used to elevate and support the arm.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tying the knot at the back of the neck may cause discomfort or pressure on the cervical spine. The knot should be tied to the side to avoid this. The other statements correctly describe the proper use of a triangular sling for shoulder immobilization.
With the assistance of the translator, the nurse correctly instructs the client to use which technique when picking something up?
- A. Squat with the knees bent.
- B. Keep both feet together.
- C. Lift with the arms extended.
- D. Bend from the waist.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Squatting with knees bent uses leg muscles to lift, reducing spinal strain and protecting the surgical site post-laminectomy. Bending from the waist or other techniques risks reinjury.
Which explanation most accurately explains to the client the primary purpose of the splints?
- A. Splints are used to slow joint deterioration.
- B. Splints are used to improve hand strength.
- C. Splints are used to increase range of motion.
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Splints in rheumatoid arthritis are used to rest joints, reducing inflammation and slowing joint deterioration during acute episodes. They do not primarily strengthen hands or increase motion.
The client newly diagnosed with osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin by nasal spray. Which assessment data indicate to the nurse an adverse effect of the medication?
- A. The client complains of nausea and vomiting.
- B. The client is drinking two (2) glasses of milk a day.
- C. The client has a runny nose and nasal itching.
- D. The client has had numerous episodes of nosebleeds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Runny nose and nasal itching are common adverse effects of nasal calcitonin. Nausea is less common, milk intake is unrelated, and nosebleeds are not typical.