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Which symptom is most closely associated with the onset of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Excessive eating followed by purging.
- B. Obsession with calorie intake and extreme weight loss.
- C. Compulsive exercising to burn calories.
- D. Binge eating episodes with a lack of control.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an obsession with calorie intake and extreme weight loss is a hallmark symptom of anorexia nervosa. Individuals with anorexia nervosa typically have a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight. This leads them to restrict their food intake severely, leading to extreme weight loss.
Choice A is incorrect because excessive eating followed by purging is more characteristic of bulimia nervosa, not anorexia nervosa. Choice C is incorrect as compulsive exercising is more commonly associated with another eating disorder called orthorexia nervosa. Choice D is incorrect as binge eating episodes with a lack of control are symptoms of binge eating disorder, not anorexia nervosa.
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A client experiences intrusive, insulting auditory hallucinations. Which independent behavioral technique can the nurse teach the client to employ when the voices are troublesome?
- A. Take additional antipsychotic medication
- B. Lie down in bed and try to sleep
- C. Sing or whistle to compete with the voices
- D. Eat a large portion of chocolate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sing or whistle to compete with the voices. This technique is effective as it can help distract the client from the intrusive auditory hallucinations. By engaging in singing or whistling, the client can shift their focus away from the voices, making them less bothersome. This method can also empower the client by giving them a sense of control over the situation.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Taking additional antipsychotic medication may not be necessary in this situation and should be prescribed by a healthcare provider.
B: Lying down and trying to sleep may not address the immediate distress caused by the hallucinations.
D: Eating a large portion of chocolate is not a valid behavioral technique for managing auditory hallucinations.
Confidentiality should be discussed with all adolescents and parents before the consult. Confidentiality may be breached in all situations below EXCEPT:
- A. Disclosure of sexual abuse
- B. Disclosure of drug abuse
- C. Disclosure of suicidality
- D. Disclosure of dropping grades
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Confidentiality can be breached for safety concerns (abuse, drug use, suicidality), but dropping grades is not a direct threat to safety or health, so it does not warrant breaching confidentiality.
Why does more green space result in stronger neighborhoods?
- A. Stronger neighborhood social ties
- B. Decreased crime
- C. More vegetation in a building, the fewer the crimes
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Green spaces foster social ties, reduce crime, and improve community well-being, strengthening neighborhoods.
People who experience psychotic disorders lose:
- A. The will to continue
- B. Contact with reality
- C. The ability to comply with treatment
- D. Contact with intellectual functions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: People who experience psychotic disorders lose contact with reality. Psychotic disorders involve a disconnection from reality, leading to hallucinations, delusions, and impaired thinking. This loss of contact with reality is a hallmark of psychotic disorders.
As for the other choices:
A: The will to continue - While individuals with psychotic disorders may struggle with motivation, this is not the primary feature of psychotic disorders.
C: The ability to comply with treatment - While compliance with treatment may be challenging, it is not the core aspect of psychotic disorders.
D: Contact with intellectual functions - While psychotic disorders can impact cognitive abilities, the defining characteristic is the loss of contact with reality rather than intellectual functions.
A highly suspicious patient who has delusions of persecution about being poisoned has refused all hospital meals for 3 days. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate under these circumstances?
- A. Feed the patient via tube, involuntarily via court order if needed.
- B. Offer to taste each food item on the tray yourself while he watches.
- C. Allow the patient to contact a local restaurant to deliver his meals.
- D. Allow him supervised access to use food vending machines in the hospital lobby.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: In this scenario, the patient is refusing hospital meals due to delusions of being poisoned, indicating a lack of trust.
Step 2: By allowing supervised access to food vending machines in the hospital lobby, the patient can choose his own food, promoting autonomy and trust-building.
Step 3: This intervention respects the patient's autonomy while ensuring access to food.
Step 4: In contrast, feeding via tube involuntarily (Option A) violates autonomy, tasting food yourself (Option B) doesn't address the issue of trust, and ordering from a restaurant (Option C) may not be feasible or safe in a hospital setting.
Summary: Option D is the most appropriate as it balances patient autonomy and safety, addressing the refusal of hospital meals effectively.