Nokea
Which term describes a position closer to the midline of the body? Example: The chest is medial to the arm.
- A. Lateral
- B. Medial
- C. Proximal
- D. Distal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Medial.' 'Medial' refers to a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position further from the midline. 'Proximal' describes a position closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body, while 'distal' refers to a position further away from the point of attachment or trunk.
You may also like to solve these questions
What cells compose the epidermis?
- A. Keratinocytes
- B. Epithelial cells
- C. Fibroblasts
- D. Melanocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A - Keratinocytes. The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes, which are a type of epithelial cell. Keratinocytes synthesize the protein keratin, providing protection against physical damage and water loss. While epithelial cells are correct, specifying keratinocytes is more precise. Fibroblasts are not the main cell type in the epidermis; they are found in the dermis, where they produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin pigment in the skin and are also present in the epidermis, but they are not the predominant cell type like keratinocytes.
What controls muscles by sending electrical impulses to the muscles?
- A. Blood vessels
- B. Nerves
- C. Hormones
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerves control muscles by transmitting electrical impulses that initiate muscle contractions. Blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood, not controlling muscles. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands to regulate bodily functions, not specifically controlling muscles. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit signals, but nerves are the specific structures that control muscles by sending electrical impulses.
Which two types of elements are most likely to form an ionic bond?
- A. Two elements that are in the same period.
- B. Two elements that are non-metals and have p orbitals.
- C. One element that is a transition metal with d orbitals and one element that is a metal with s orbitals.
- D. One element that is a metal with s orbitals and one element that is a nonmetal with p orbitals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ionic bonds typically form between a metal, which donates electrons from its s orbital, and a nonmetal, which accepts electrons into its p orbital. This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of an ionic bond. Choice A is incorrect as elements in the same period may vary significantly in their properties. Choice B is incorrect because ionic bonds are usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal, not two nonmetals. Choice C is incorrect because transition metals generally form complex ions through the sharing of electrons, not typical ionic bonds.
What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate when released into the lumen of the small intestine?
- A. It works to chemically digest fats in the chyme.
- B. It decreases the pH of the chyme to prevent harm to the intestine.
- C. It works to chemically digest proteins in the chyme.
- D. It increases the pH of the chyme to prevent harm to the intestine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate, when released into the lumen of the small intestine, functions to increase the pH of the acidic chyme coming from the stomach. This increase in pH helps neutralize the acidity of the chyme, creating a more optimal environment for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine to function properly. Maintaining a slightly basic pH in the small intestine is crucial for overall digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Sodium bicarbonate does not chemically digest fats or proteins in the chyme, and it does not decrease the pH of the chyme as it actually increases the pH to prevent harm to the intestine.
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. To carry carbon dioxide to the lungs
- B. To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
- C. To regulate blood pressure
- D. To produce white blood cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells functions to carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the body's cells, ensuring they have an adequate oxygen supply for metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect because hemoglobin's role is not related to blood pressure regulation. Choice D is incorrect because hemoglobin is not involved in the production of white blood cells.