Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

Which term describes a type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria?

  • A. Atrial fibrillation
  • B. Ventricular fibrillation
  • C. Atrial flutter
  • D. Sinus tachycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A: Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer as it is characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria due to disorganized electrical signals. This leads to inefficient pumping of blood and increases the risk of blood clots.
B: Ventricular fibrillation is incorrect as it refers to rapid, irregular beating of the ventricles, which is life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention.
C: Atrial flutter is incorrect as it is characterized by a rapid but regular beating of the atria, different from the irregular pattern seen in atrial fibrillation.
D: Sinus tachycardia is incorrect as it is a normal response to stress, exercise, or excitement, characterized by a fast but regular heartbeat originating from the sinus node in the heart.

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What is a condition where the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm?

  • A. Arrhythmia
  • B. Hypertension
  • C. Tachycardia
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia refers to an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm. This is because the heart beats in a disorganized manner, which can lead to various health issues. Hypertension (B) is high blood pressure, not a heart rhythm issue. Tachycardia (C) is a condition where the heart beats too fast, not necessarily irregularly. Bradycardia (D) is when the heart beats too slowly, not necessarily irregularly. Therefore, Arrhythmia is the correct choice in this context.

What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?

  • A. Increased fluid pressure exerted against organ tissue
  • B. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs
  • C. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels from constant pressure
  • D. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atherosclerosis impairs organ perfusion.

The nurse is teaching a client about side effects of ACE inhibitors. What is the most important side effect to monitor?

  • A. Cough
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypotension
  • D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cough. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent, dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation. It is important to monitor for this as it can indicate potential angioedema, a serious adverse effect. Hyperkalemia (B) is a potential side effect but may not be as immediate or common as cough. Hypotension (C) is a common side effect but not as crucial to monitor as cough. Dizziness (D) is a common side effect but not as significant as cough in terms of potential complications.

What is a condition where the heart beats too fast, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively?

  • A. Tachycardia
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Arrhythmia
  • D. Ventricular fibrillation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats too fast, resulting in reduced effectiveness in pumping blood. This occurs when the heart rate exceeds the normal range, impacting the heart's ability to fill and empty properly. Bradycardia (B) is the opposite, where the heart beats too slowly. Arrhythmia (C) refers to an irregular heartbeat pattern, which may or may not involve a fast heart rate. Ventricular fibrillation (D) is a life-threatening arrhythmia where the heart quivers instead of pumping effectively.

What is the term used to describe a condition where the blood flow to the brain is temporarily interrupted, often referred to as a 'mini-stroke'?

  • A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • B. Stroke
  • C. Myocardial infarction
  • D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transient ischemic attack (TIA). A TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that usually resolve within 24 hours. It is often referred to as a 'mini-stroke' because the symptoms are similar to a stroke but last for a shorter duration.

Explanation:
1. TIA specifically describes a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, aligning with the scenario described in the question.
2. Stroke (Choice B) refers to a more severe and lasting interruption of blood flow to the brain, not a temporary one as seen in a TIA.
3. Myocardial infarction (Choice C) refers to a heart attack, which involves blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not the brain.
4. Pulmonary embolism (Choice D) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs, not related to blood flow interruption to the brain.

In summary,

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