Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers related questions and content

Which test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels over the previous 2 months?

  • A. Methemoglobin
  • B. Hemoglobin A1c
  • C. Fasting blood sugar
  • D. C peptide protein
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c, also known as HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 2 to 3 months. This test is useful in monitoring long-term blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c provides an indication of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled over time, reflecting the average blood sugar levels during the lifespan of red blood cells, which is typically around 2 to 3 months. A higher Hemoglobin A1c level indicates poorer blood glucose control and an increased risk of diabetes complications.

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Acromegaly is associated with all of the following except:

  • A. Acanthosis nigricans
  • B. Fibromata mollusca
  • C. Micrognathia
  • D. Cardiomegaly
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production after the closure of the epiphyses (growth plates) in bones, leading to abnormal growth of tissues and organs. The following options are associated with acromegaly:

Increased gonadal production of oestrogen is seen in:

  • A. Third trimester of pregnancy
  • B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • C. Polycystic ovarian disease
  • D. Testicular feminization syndrome
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Polycystic ovarian disease, also known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a common endocrine disorder characterized by increased levels of androgens (male hormones) and disrupted estrogen production in the ovaries. The hormonal imbalance seen in PCOS leads to increased gonadal production of estrogen. This condition is often associated with symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, acne, and excess facial or body hair growth. In contrast, the other options do not typically involve increased gonadal production of estrogen as seen in PCOS.

Hypocalcemia is produced by all except:

  • A. Hysterical hypoventilation
  • B. Acute pancreatitis
  • C. Chronic renal failure
  • D. Osteomalacia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Osteomalacia is a condition in which there is a softening of the bones due to a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium. It is not a cause of hypocalcemia, as it is a result of low levels of calcium in the bloodstream. The other options listed are potential causes of hypocalcemia:

All of the following are associated with hyperuricemia except:

  • A. Cardiovascular disease
  • B. Gouty arthritis
  • C. Nephrolithiasis
  • D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyperuricemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. This can lead to the formation of urate crystals, which are responsible for various health problems. The three main conditions associated with hyperuricemia are cardiovascular disease (A), gouty arthritis (B), and nephrolithiasis (C).

Earliest changes observed by ophthalmoscope in background retinopathy of diabetes is:

  • A. Venous dilatation
  • B. Microaneurysms
  • C. Increased capillary permeability
  • D. Arteriovenous shunts
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The earliest changes observed by ophthalmoscope in background retinopathy of diabetes is typically the presence of microaneurysms. These are small dilations of retinal capillaries due to weakening of the vessel walls caused by diabetes-induced damage. Microaneurysms are a hallmark sign of diabetic retinopathy and are often the first visible sign on retinal examination. Other changes in diabetic retinopathy, such as venous dilatation, increased capillary permeability, and arteriovenous shunts, may develop later in the disease process as it progresses.

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