Nokea
Which time-based description of a stage of development in pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Viability—22 to 37 weeks since the last menstrual period (LMP) (assuming a fetal weight >500 g)
- B. Full Term—Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40
- C. Preterm—Pregnancy from 20 to 28 weeks
- D. Postdate—Pregnancy that extends beyond 38 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Full term is defined as pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 to the end of week 40. Viability occurs at 22-24 weeks, preterm is before 37 weeks, and postdate is beyond 42 weeks.
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A client is complaining of heartburn. The nurse understands this is caused by which change of pregnancy?
- A. An increase in water reabsorption by the colon
- B. The relaxation of the lower esophageal ('cardiac') sphincter
- C. A decrease in the capacity of the stomach
- D. An increase in stomach acid production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The relaxation of the lower esophageal ('cardiac') sphincter. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to heartburn. This is known as gastroesophageal reflux. The other choices are incorrect because heartburn in pregnancy is not caused by an increase in water reabsorption by the colon (A), a decrease in the capacity of the stomach (C), or an increase in stomach acid production (D). The key factor in pregnancy-related heartburn is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows acid reflux into the esophagus.
A patient at 24 weeks of gestation contacts the nurse at her obstetric provider's office to complain that she has cravings for dirt and gravel. The nurse is aware that this condition is known as and may indicate anemia.
- A. ptyalism
- B. pyrosis
- C. pica
- D. decreased peristalsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pica (a desire to eat nonfood substances) is an indication of iron deficiency and should be evaluated.
The ovaries are:
- A. Located in the male reproductive system
- B. A pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds
- C. Long tubes connecting the vagina to the cervix
- D. Large elongated muscles found in the female bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ovaries are small, almond-shaped glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
A woman is at 14 weeks of gestation. The nurse would expect to palpate the fundus at which level?
- A. Not palpable above the symphysis at this time
- B. Slightly above the symphysis pubis
- C. At the level of the umbilicus
- D. Slightly above the umbilicus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 14 weeks of gestation, the fundus should be palpable slightly above the symphysis pubis. This is because the fundus gradually rises with the progression of pregnancy. At this stage, the uterus is still within the pelvis and hasn't yet reached the level of the umbilicus or above it. Choice A is incorrect as some level of fundal height should be palpable by this time. Choice C is incorrect as the fundus is not expected to be at the level of the umbilicus until around 20 weeks. Choice D is also incorrect as the fundus would not typically be palpable slightly above the umbilicus until later in the pregnancy.
Which statement about a condition of pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Insufficient salivation (ptyalism) is caused by increases in estrogen
- B. Acid indigestion (pyrosis) begins early but declines throughout pregnancy
- C. Hyperthyroidism often develops (temporarily) because hormone production increases
- D. Nausea and vomiting rarely have harmful effects on the fetus and may be beneficial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common and rarely harmful, potentially offering protective benefits. Ptyalism involves excessive salivation, pyrosis worsens later in pregnancy, and hyperthyroidism does not typically develop.