Nokea
Which toy is the most developmentally appropriate for an 18- to 24-month-old child?
- A. A push-and-pull toy
- B. Nesting blocks
- C. A bicycle with training wheels
- D. A computer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A push-and-pull toy. At 18-24 months, children are developing gross motor skills. Push-and-pull toys help strengthen muscles and improve coordination. They also encourage balance and enhance spatial awareness. Nesting blocks are more suitable for fine motor skills, while a bicycle with training wheels requires more advanced motor skills. A computer is not developmentally appropriate as young children need hands-on, physical play for optimal growth and learning.
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Through a bone marrow aspirate:
- A. The overall marrow cellularity can be examined
- B. Structural abnormalities such as myelofibrosis can be checked
- C. Cells can be examined to assess for level of maturation
- D. Tumor infiltration of the marrow can be detected
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a bone marrow aspirate allows for the examination of cells to assess their level of maturation. This is crucial in diagnosing various hematologic conditions like leukemia and anemia. Choice A is incorrect as cellularity is better assessed through a bone marrow biopsy. Choice B is incorrect as myelofibrosis is better visualized through a bone marrow biopsy as well. Choice D is incorrect as tumor infiltration is typically seen through imaging studies rather than a bone marrow aspirate.
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following blood can be administered to which patient. (Select all that apply.)
- A. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type A and O.
- B. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type B and O.
- C. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type O only.
- D. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type AB and O.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on its red blood cells.
Step 2: A patient with blood type A can receive blood type A (as it matches) and blood type O (since O lacks A and B antigens).
Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O due to the compatibility of antigens. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the antigen compatibility and restrictions of blood types.
One of the following is suggestive of multiple myeloma:
- A. Howel Jolly bodies
- B. Bence Jones proteinuria
- C. Philadelphia chromosome
- D. Reedberg stein cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bence Jones proteinuria is suggestive of multiple myeloma because it represents monoclonal free light chains in the urine, a characteristic of the disease. Howel Jolly bodies are seen in conditions affecting red blood cells, not specific to multiple myeloma. Philadelphia chromosome is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia, not multiple myeloma. Reedberg stein cells are not a recognized term in relation to multiple myeloma.
Standard chemotherapy for advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?
- A. m-BACOD
- B. PROMACE-CytaBOM
- C. CHOP
- D. Rituximab + CHOP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Rituximab + CHOP, for advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma due to proven efficacy in clinical trials. Rituximab targets CD20 on B-cells, enhancing CHOP's effectiveness. A: m-BACOD and B: PROMACE-CytaBOM are outdated regimens. C: CHOP alone lacks the benefit of rituximab's targeted therapy.
In irritable bowel syndrome antibiotics are:
- A. The drug of choice for treatment
- B. Used a pain relief
- C. Ineffective
- D. Only prescribed in those over 18 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Antibiotics are ineffective in treating irritable bowel syndrome because IBS is not caused by bacterial infections. IBS is a functional disorder of the digestive system. Antibiotics do not target the underlying causes of IBS such as altered gut motility or visceral hypersensitivity. Therefore, using antibiotics to treat IBS would not address the root of the problem and would be ineffective. Other choices are incorrect because antibiotics are not the primary treatment for IBS, they are not used for pain relief in IBS, and there is no age restriction for prescribing antibiotics in IBS treatment.