Nokea
Which type of anesthesia describes a state in which the client is free of pain, fear, and anxiety and can tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining independent cardiorespiratory function and the ability to respond to verbal commands and tactile stimulation?
- A. General
- B. Regional
- C. Epidural
- D. Procedural sedation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because procedural sedation allows the client to remain responsive while being sedated.
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A client is scheduled for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in the morning using a saphenous vein. The physician does not use the internal mammary artery for the bypass graft, because the internal mammary artery:
- A. takes more time to remove.
- B. has a greater risk of becoming reoccluded.
- C. is smaller in diameter.
- D. has too many valves.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many physicians do not use the internal mammary artery because it is time consuming. Removing the internal mammary artery does not pose a greater risk of reocclusion. In fact, it may stay patent longer. The internal mammary artery is larger in diameter than the saphenous vein. The internal mammary artery does not have too many valves.
What is the mechanism of the placebo effect?
- A. Individual believes a treatment method will be effective
- B. Individual believes that the treatment is spiritual in nature
- C. Individual believes the physician and his or her capabilities
- D. Individual believes that the treatment method is without pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when an individual believes a treatment will work, leading to psychological and physiological improvements due to positive expectations.
When performing tracheostomy care, which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Use aseptic technique.
- B. Clean the inner cannula with mild soap and water.
- C. Secure new tracheostomy ties before removing old ones.
- D. Apply suction when inserting the catheter.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secure new tracheostomy ties before removing old ones. This is essential to ensure the patient's airway remains stable and secure during the procedure. By securing the new ties first, the tracheostomy tube will not accidentally dislodge or become displaced.
A: Using aseptic technique is important but not the immediate priority in this situation.
B: Cleaning the inner cannula is a routine part of tracheostomy care but not the primary intervention during tie change.
D: Applying suction when inserting the catheter is incorrect as suctioning should be performed after securing the new ties to maintain airway patency.
You are reviewing your client's understanding of the post-operative stapedectomy instructions that you gave several days ago. Which comment concerns you the most?
- A. I'm going to take swimming lessons in a couple of months.'
- B. I have to take a long overseas flight in several weeks.'
- C. I can't wait to get back to my regular weightlifting class.'
- D. I have been coughing a lot with my mouth open.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weightlifting can increase intracranial pressure and compromise the surgical site, posing a risk to recovery.
A client is 12 hours postoperative following colon resection. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan to reduce respiratory complications?
- A. Use incentive spirometer every 4 hours while awake.
- B. Initiate ambulation after discontinuing the NG tube.
- C. Maintain a supine position with an abdominal binder.
- D. Splint the incision to support coughing every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because splinting the incision supports coughing, which helps clear secretions and prevents respiratory complications. It is essential postoperatively to prevent atelectasis and pneumonia. Using an incentive spirometer (A) aids in lung expansion but does not directly support coughing. Ambulation (B) promotes circulation but does not address respiratory concerns. Maintaining a supine position with an abdominal binder (C) may restrict diaphragmatic movement and increase the risk of respiratory complications.