Nokea
Which type of cell division is responsible for sexual reproduction?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Amitosis
- D. Cytokinesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division responsible for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, a single cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction as it ensures that when two gametes (sperm and egg) combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Amitosis is a rare form of cell division that does not involve the typical processes of mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis or meiosis.
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What is the name of the bone marrow cavity in the long bones where red blood cells are produced?
- A. Periosteum
- B. Diaphysis
- C. Medullary cavity
- D. Epiphysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medullary cavity is the correct answer. It is the central cavity within the shafts of long bones where red bone marrow is located, responsible for the production of red blood cells. The periosteum is the outer layer of bone that provides nourishment and participates in bone repair. The diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow. The epiphysis is the end of a long bone involved in joint articulation and contains red bone marrow in children for blood cell production.
During embryonic development, most vertebrates exhibit structures called pharyngeal pouches. These pouches eventually develop into different structures in various vertebrate groups, such as the human jaw and inner ear. Pharyngeal pouches are an example of:
- A. Analogous structures with different evolutionary origins but similar functions
- B. Homologous structures with a common evolutionary origin but diverse functions
- C. Vestigial structures that no longer serve a vital function in some organisms
- D. Atavisms, the reappearance of a trait absent in recent generations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharyngeal pouches in vertebrates are an example of homologous structures because they share a common evolutionary origin. Despite developing into different structures in various vertebrate groups, such as the jaw and inner ear in humans, these structures originated from the same ancestral feature. This concept of homology highlights the evolutionary relationship between different species and how structures can be modified over time to serve different functions while retaining a common origin. Choice A is incorrect because analogous structures have similar functions but different evolutionary origins, which does not apply to pharyngeal pouches. Choice C is incorrect as vestigial structures are remnants of features that were functional in ancestors but have reduced or lost their original function, which is not the case for pharyngeal pouches. Choice D is incorrect because atavisms refer to the reappearance of traits absent in recent generations, which is not the characteristic of pharyngeal pouches.
What is the term for the particles moving within a substance?
- A. Ions
- B. Atoms
- C. Molecules
- D. Kinetic energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term for the particles moving within a substance is typically 'molecules' or 'atoms,' depending on the state of matter. In this context, 'molecules' represent the particles moving around within a substance, especially in the liquid and gas states, while 'atoms' are the fundamental building blocks of matter. 'Ions' are charged particles that can be present in a substance but are not necessarily the primary particles in motion. 'Kinetic energy' is not a term used to describe the particles themselves but rather the energy associated with their motion.
How can you differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms?
- A. It's impossible to differentiate solely based on symptoms.
- B. Bacterial infections typically respond well to antibiotics, while viral infections don't.
- C. Bacterial infections usually cause fever, while viral infections don't.
- D. Viral infections often present with respiratory symptoms like a cough, while bacterial infections don't.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is impossible to differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms because many symptoms overlap between the two types of infections. Symptoms like fever, cough, and others can be present in both bacterial and viral infections. Additional diagnostic tests such as cultures or blood tests are often needed to determine the cause of the infection accurately. Relying only on symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they oversimplify the differentiation process and do not encompass the complexity of symptoms associated with bacterial and viral infections. While it is true that bacterial infections may respond to antibiotics and some differences in symptoms may be observed between bacterial and viral infections, these are not definitive indicators without proper diagnostic tests.
Which term refers to the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter?
- A. Mass
- B. Weight
- C. Density
- D. Volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Density is the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and volume is the amount of space an object occupies. In this context, density is the correct term for expressing the measure of mass per unit volume, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.