Nokea
Which type of fat can cause heart disease if consumed in high quantities?
- A. carbohydrates
- B. saturated
- C. calories
- D. unsaturated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saturated fats, when consumed excessively, can increase cholesterol levels, leading to heart disease.
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Concerning Circumvallate papilla the following is true EXCEPT:
- A. Most numerous type of the lingual papillae.
- B. Its sides carry about 250 taste buds.
- C. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
- D. Surrounded by circular groove.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Circumvallate papillae are the least numerous (about 8-12 in humans), not the most numerous, and they carry many taste buds with Von Ebner's glands.
Enzyme maltase in human gut acts on food at a pH of -
- A. More than 7 to change starch into maltose.
- B. Less than 7 to change starch into maltose.
- C. More than 7 to change maltose into glucose.
- D. Less than 7 to change maltose into glucose.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maltase works in the small intestine (pH > 7) to convert maltose into glucose.
Ficks law, describes the effects of various factors on the rate of diffusion. Which statement is true?
- A. The smaller the difference in concentrations the greater the rate of diffusion
- B. The larger the surface area/volume ratio the greater the rate of diffusion
- C. The use of a Transporter Room (as seen in Star Trek) the greater the rate of diffusion
- D. The thicker the exchange surface the greater the rate of diffusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fick's law states that diffusion rate increases with a larger surface area, steeper concentration gradient, and thinner membrane.
If a patient is experiencing an intensified sympathetic response, listening to the bowel sounds during auscultation would most likely reveal:
- A. An increase in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- B. An increase in the rate of bowel sounds accompanied by a decrease in intensity
- C. A decrease in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- D. Bowel sounds with a normal rate and intensity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sympathetic activation inhibits GI motility (fight-or-flight response), reducing bowel sound rate and intensity.
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are specialised to absorb compounds back into the circulatory system. In what way?
- A. They have foot processes which wrap around the blood vessels
- B. They have pores to allow compounds through
- C. They have microvilli to increase surface area
- D. They have cilia to help the filtrate move through the tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microvilli increase the surface area for reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.